51 
250,000 tons of ferromanganese at 74 to 95 percent manganese. Indus- 
trial consumption in the United States in 1974 was 1,800,000 tons of 
manganese ore and 1,075,000 tons of ferromanganese. The Bureau of 
Mines estimates domestic demand for manganese will increase at an 
annual rate of approximately 2 percent through 1980. 
Several manganese materials are inventoried in the Government 
stockpile (Table 16). Assuming a requirement of 13 pounds of manga- 
nese per ton of raw steel produced, and an annual steel production of 
120 million tons, the amount in the Government stockpile can be cal- 
culated to last about 3 years and 9 months. World mine production 
and reserves are given in Table 17. Reserves alone are more than ade- 
quate to meet expected world demand for the balance of the century. 
Known land-based resources are very large and irregularly distributed 
throughout the world. The Bureau of Mines estimates U.S. resources 
could satisfy expected domestic demand for manganese to the year 
2000. However, because these resources are much more expensive to 
process than foreign ores, domestic production has ceased. 
TABLE 16.—STOCKPILE STATUS—NOV. 30, 1974 
: Total Available for Sales, 
Material Objective inventory Total excess disposal 11 months 
Battery: 
Naturallore=ta2 ook ee ee 11 308 298 173) fay Ae 
SV MUNEICRUIOMICes ee ee ten eo Se 3 3 2 11 
Chemical: 
IV POvAVORC 2 op os te 13 147 134 112 os. oe eee 
Mype:B oress 2-8 Sie. eee 13 99 86 64 1 
Mettalurigical ore_____.______________- 751 4, 262 3, 511 1, 656 438 
Ferromanganese: : 
Hinhycarbontsss 222k s20 ry s e re 200 600 400} SF eae Ss 38 234 
Medium carbon_ ts 11 29 18... 4 noe ee ee ee 
Silocomanganese- -__ 16 24 SET ARE AA AAR SE ee 
Electrolytic metal____________________- 5 14 LO 3:2 9 alee ead oe 
Source: Zbid., p. 96. 
TABLE 17.—WORLD MINE PRODUCTION AND MANGANESE RESERVES 
Mine production 
(thousand short tons) Reserves 
CNN EET (million 
Country 1973 19741 short tons) 
United States__......_...._-____- IS Gy et fe i IN Be Yeh et tlatifin were papa dal Siang tea TI We alas tes 
ARUSEG Alaa ees ERD APR AT eee ea ee Se eae 1,678 1, 950 330 
[ara 22 Dee ee foe ee oes ee eee ig eee eee be ee ree ss 2, 378 2, 400 95 
Gabon_____ Visca RAL ds | ob 0 Ne aot dil a gC thle een inal genre 2,115 2, 100 210 
Ancient SAR ee RG Deh y ete Pi Peet Ce reds iss ee 1, 692 1,500 65 
apie iricagRepublicioieecewene eee se ee ln Fe rr eos ic oo 2 ar 
Ommunist countries (except Yugoslavia). __._.__.-.-__-------------- H F F 
| IMIS SELES Dc ae peau RUT Ine 2) 766 1, 450 30 
Worl ditotaleeaune pueesee eet Save he haeed eres meade: 24, 290 25, 000 6, 000 
1 Estimate. 
Source: Ibid., p. 97. 
Demand for manganese is considered relatively stable and not likely 
to increase rapidly with increased supplies. The U.N. Secretary-Gen- 
eral’s report expects manganese demand to continue to increase at 
about 5 percent per year reaching approximately 16.4 million tons of 
manganese-in-ore by 1985. Estimates of manganese production from 
