76 
We citizens of the United States, I will remind many people, are also man- 
kind. They [the high seas beyond national jurisdiction] are part of our common 
property and we are entitled to exercise our individual rights to the common 
resources. We can graze our cows. We can take our water from the common wells 
just like any other common holder of common rights.” 
Professor Goldie also suggested that the escrow section of the bill 
be strengthened to include not only developing countries who partici- 
pate in “their regimes, but all countries. Professor Goldie further 
stated : 
I would like to point out that technology is exportable. It is salable. I see no 
reason why Monaco could not apply, let us say, the technology of deep sea 
mining or Luxembourg, provided they can reach some kind of an agreement 
for that kind of purchase. Or let us step outside of Hurope altogether. There are 
countries who no doubt could through the World Bank assistance purchase the 
technology that we have developed or other countries have developed and engage 
in deep sea mining. It is not simply a matter of a closed club of the so-called 
northern developed countries.” 
In the conclusion of a paper 
Nis] Fol | He 
submitted for the record, Professor 
e paper he stated: 
Independently of Congress’s enactment of the Deep Seabed Hard Minerals 
Act, enterprises may prove and develop mining tracts on the deep seabed of a 
reasonable size. Translating “reasonable” into factual claims would depend on 
a number of criteria including the nature of the resources to be won and their 
distribution, equitable considerations of other claims to win the same resource, 
and what could be considered as within the scope of a possessory intent and 
control on part of the enterprise. These rights are not subject to impairment 
through any disparagements advanced under the United Nations Assembly’s 
1969 Moratorium Resolution or 1970 Declaration of Legal Principles. 
Deep seabed mining claims should be recorded by filing with the Foreign Office 
of a claimant’s country of nationality all documents necessary to show title. 
These should include a Deed Poll announcing to the world the recording enter- 
prise’s claim, a surveyor or navigator’s description of the tract in terms of 
fixes, bearings and distances, evidence of possession and of continued active 
exploitation of the resource, an intent to assert exclusive rights to exploit the 
mineral resources of the tract and testimony that the enterprise was “first in 
time’. These specific acts reflect the good faith intention of giving adequate notice 
of the making of a claim, in the absence of giving adequate notice of the making 
of a claim, in the absence of relevant and applicable statutes and treaties. The 
purpose is to give the most practical available means of effectively publicizing 
an enterprise’s claim, thereby putting all interested parties on notice (i.e., the 
notice was there and available to the world had any adverse claimant but taken 
reasonable steps to inform themselves of the facts) .” 
Although, as described above, a private enterprise could proceed 
independently of congressional action, there is much more security 
In operating within the confines of a specific document than by actions 
drawn from inferences of past conduct. 
Numerous studies were introduced into the record during the hear- 
ings highlighting the increasing U.S. dependence on foreign sources 
of the metals contained in manganese nodules. One study prepared 
by Nancy P. Petersen and John R. Justus of the Congressional Re- 
search Service, Library of Congress, for the House Subcommittee on 
Oceanography included the data in Table 20: 
4 Toid., Re 488. 
46 Thid., p. 489. 
47 Toid., 4 527-528. 
