Hm OW bb 
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“(k) ‘exploration’ means that activity involvmg 
observation and evaluation, following the location and 
selection of a hard mineral deposit of potential economic 
interest, which has, as its objective, the establishment 
and documentation of the nature, shape, concentration, 
and tenor of an ore deposit, and the nature of the en- 
vironmental factors which will affect its susceptibility 
of being developed, including the sampling of the deposit 
necessary for the design, fabrication, installation, and 
testing of equipment, and the development of recovery 
techniques; and 
““(1) ‘commercial recovery’ means that activity 
following exploration, which has, as its immediate objec- 
tive, the removal or conversion of ores from the selected 
hard mineral deposit at a substantial rate (without 
regard to profit or loss), for the primary purpose of 
processing the ore for marketing or commercial use.. 
“ACTIVITIES PROHIBITED 
“Sec. 4. (a) Except as authorized pursuant to the pro- 
visions of this Act, including subsection (b) hereof, or as 
may be authorized under a treaty, convention, or other inter- 
national agreement, which is ratified by the United States, 
no person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States 
shall engage directly or indirectly in the development of hard 
