16 THE NAVY OCEAN SCIENCE PROGRAM 



ographic programs. The Navy, recognizing that much ocean- 

 science research is exceedingly costly, particularly when ship 

 support is considered, has jointly supported efforts of value to its 

 program. The present EASTROPAC investigation, studying the 

 waters of the eastern tropical Pacific, has been developed jointly 

 with the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and other agencies. 

 The recent Environmental Science Services Administration in- 

 vestigation of the Gulf Stream has been closely coordinated with 

 the long-term Navy-sponsored ocean science research programs 

 of this current system to the mutual benefit of all investigators. 

 The development of buoy systems under the Navy Ocean Science 

 Program also has contributed to other agencies such as the Coast 

 Guard in its development of replacements for light stations. 

 Through such cooperative investigations and translation of 

 benefits from the Navy Ocean Science Program to the civilian 

 agencies, the Navy has attempted to make results of research 

 required for its needs available to others. 



Participation in International Ocean Science 



While the Navy Ocean Science Program has been mostly 

 oriented toward the development of U.S. groups, its contribu- 

 tions to the study of the world oceans have not been limited to 

 domestic programs and capabilities. In a science which promotes 

 cooperation among nations, the Navy has played a significant 

 role in developing international programs and groups, with the 

 belief that their improvement will contribute knowledge of the 

 oceans of value to the Navy and the nation. 



The Navy has been a staunch supporter of the various inter- 

 national cooperative investigations that have been undertaken 

 over the last decade. The support has been through direct 

 participation by Navy groups as well as support of other U.S. 

 scientists. Commencing with the International Geophysical 

 Year in 1957, the Navy has been either directly or indirectly 

 involved in such studies as the International Indian Ocean 

 Expedition, the International Cooperative Investigation of the 

 Tropical Atlantic, the Cooperative Investigation of the Kuroshio, 



