CONTENTS 



FOREWORD iv 



ACKNOWLEDGMENT vii 



INTRODUCTION 1 



Objectives of the Ocean-Science Program 2 



Organization and Management 4 



The History of Ocean Science in the Navy 8 



THE NAVY OCEAN SCIENCE PROGRAM 18 



Physical Oceanography 18 



Chemical Oceanography 26 



Marine Geology and Geophysics 28 



Oceanic Biology 37 



Underwater Sound 43 



Environmental Prediction 49 



Engineering Research 50 



Instrumentation 56 



Special-Purpose Platforms 60 



Ocean Data Stations 61 



MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS 67 



Oceanic Circulation 67 



Thermal Structure 69 



Wave Forecasting 70 



Physiography 73 



Sediment and Crustal Structure 73 



Gravity and Geodesy 76 



Arctic 76 



Geophysical Instruments and Systems 79 



Oceanographic Buoys 79 



Deep Underwater Vehicles 80 



Man-in-the-Sea Program r 81 



Vlll 



