MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS 



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knowledge of the arctic environment. For its operations, the Navy 

 must have information of the ice, bathymetry, weather, com- 

 munications, human survival, and similar factors in arctic 

 regions. 



Various under-ice submarine operations have made important 

 contributions to our knowledge of the physics of sea ice, on the 

 forces required to break through the ice, and on the acquisition 

 of ocean data. From submarines much of the available bathy- 

 metric data on the Arctic Ocean has been obtained. 



The Arctic Research Laboratory at Barrow, Alaska operates 

 numerous field stations, including the research stations on ice 

 islands. Temporary stations were located on ice flows Arlis I, 

 Arlis III, and Arlis IV. A permanent station existed for four 

 years on ice island Arlis II, which drifted approximately 5000 



Under-ice cniises of USS NAUTILUS, USS SKATE, 

 USS SARGO, and USS SEADRAGON 



