SWITZERLAND (Continued).— Population of Chief Towni in 1901. 



Ziirich 

 Bale . 

 Geneva 

 Berne 



152,942 Lausanne . . 



111,009 Chaux-de-Fonds 



105,139 I St. Gallen . . 



64.864 I Lucerne . . . 



47,039 I Tv'interthar 



36,388 ■ Biel . . . 



33,363 i Keuchatel . 



29,eS3 Fribourg . 



22,635 

 22,280 

 20,916 

 16,207 



Linguistic Division of Population. 



Geniinn. 

 2,319,105 



Frei 

 733, 



Eouinnuscli. 

 38,677 



The number of foreigners residing in Switzerland in 1888 was 229,650, of whom 

 112,342 were German, 53,627 French, 41,881 Italian, 14,181 Austrians, 2577 British, 

 1354 Eussian, 2153 other Europeans, 1019 Americans, and 516 others. 



Soil.— Of the total area, 28*4 per cent, is unproductive ; 35-8 per cent, is under 

 grass and meadows ; 29 per cent, under forest ; 187 per cent, under fruit ; and 16-4 

 per cent, under crops and gardens. Of the cultivable area, rye, oats, and potatoes 

 are the chief crops. 



Manufactures and Exports.— Silks, cottons, linen, woollens, lace, thread, watches, 

 machinery, ice, cattle, condensed milk, cheese, &c. 



The military establishment. Including militia (Landwehr), on a war footing, in 

 1902 was 242,462 officers and men, besides the Landsturm of 283,643. 



TURKEY. 



Area and Population. 



» l"<ir towns in Bulgaria, see Bulgaria separately. 



Armif.— The strength amounts to 700,020 men; the war strength, permanent, 

 territorial, and reserve, is about 1,500,000 men. 



The yavy consists of 72 vessels, besides torpedo-boats, hulks, etc., and a force of 

 39,929 officers and men. 



Exports.— Tohaccn, grapes, cereals, figs, silk, opium, mohair, cotton, coffee, skins, 

 wool, oil seeds, valonia, carpets, &c. 



