a study neglected in biology as compared with other fields of science 

 and one which promises to advance the understanding of normal pro- 

 cesses. Second, it is an important confluence of the rapidly mixing 

 disciplines of biology and engineering. And finally, it is the keystone 

 to scife and effective utilization of a growing number of underwater 

 systems. 



Our second field, first really in long-range importance, is 

 science. 



The primary objective is to provide the basic knowledge 

 needed in all our programs. About 75% of this effort is directed 

 toward anti-submarine warfare particularly in studies of the behavior 

 of sound underwater, as sound is our only practical method of de- 

 tecting a potential underwater enemy. Much of this work is done 

 under contract with academic and non-profit institutions such as 

 Cal Tech where we can pick the brains of hundreds of the nations top 

 scientists. Engineering, of course, comes in here to provide and 

 equip the platforms that our research scientists need to work from 

 -- ships, deep submersibles , flip type vessels that can stand on 

 their head, surface and subsurface buoys, airplanes, satellites, 

 even a floating Ice Island, 



Next our Operations effort. It functions In direct support of 

 the Fleet. In addition to much else. Including various world-wide 

 surveys. It carries out duties Imposed on us long ago by law to pre- 

 pare and disseminate charts and publications necessary for naviga- 

 tional safety both for Navy ships and for the Merchant Marine, 



In support of this program Is our Environmental Prediction 

 section which operates as an undersea weather bureau to forecast 

 those changes within the waters of the ocean that affect our opera- 

 tions. In this field we work very closely with the Fleet Numerical 

 Weather Center, 



Despite our concentration on our primary defense mission, 

 the Navy program Is necessarily a broad one -- the broadest In the 

 Federal program -- for the seas are our domain -- and we must 

 know and understand everything we can about them -- the animal 

 life that abounds In them, the nature of the ocean waters, their 

 clrcxalatlon, the character of the bottom, and much else. 



Thus many of the things we must learn and study are of 

 Interest to others. In the government, Including foreign governments. 

 In the academic world. In Industry. I am proud to report that the 

 Navy takes part In many cooperative programs In such fields as 

 fisheries, oil and minerals from the sea, wave predictions, and 

 others. We strongly support this phase of our program because as 

 taxpayers It gives us a feeling of accomplishment to see federail tax 

 dollars doing double duty. I will give just two examples. 



xvlll 



