A friendly neighbor, Iceland, asked for help when they 

 realized that herring, which make up 90% of their export products, 

 were going to be difficult to find this last season. The herring 

 migrate from Norway and stop off at the East Coast of Iceland when 

 they reach the cold edge of the Greenland current. When this current 

 meanders or changes its location, as these ocean currents are likely 

 to do, it may divert the fish away from their normal grounds near 

 Iceland, as happened recently. We diverted an ice patrol plane with 

 a heat measuring sensor long enough to find the cold wall of the 

 current. And sure enough there were the herring. We are planning 

 now to help Iceland develop its own capability for this kind of work. 



We are also providing technical help in harbor improvement 

 programs for several South American countries, and we are running 

 annual courses on oceanography and hydrography for foreign 

 students. 



We opened our files on ice reconnaissance and trained some 

 people and also provided an on-board oceanographer to the owners 

 of the great new tanker the MANHATTAN, which has recently 

 successfully navigated the Northwest Passage, Free passage of this 

 once impassable channel should prove to be an invaluable national 

 asset both from an industrial and a strategic viewpoint. 



Recognition of the importance of oceanography and hydrography 

 to present day and future naval operations, coupled with a concern 

 for the availability of technically competent naval officers within 

 these areas, has caused us to establish a new Special Duty Officer 

 category. It will consist of approximately 140 officers of ranks 

 Ensign through Captain, Promotion opportunities are equal to that 

 of an Unrestricted Line Officer. 



Inputs to the specialty at the Ensign level will come from the 

 Naval Officer Candidate School at Newport, R. I. , and the Naval 

 Reserve Officer Training Corps Contract Units. Applicants m.ust 

 have a degree in oceanography, or in another field of earth science, 

 physical science, marine science or engineering (with emphasis 

 on survey engineering for hydrography or ocean engineering for 

 oceanography); must have completed mathematics through calculus 

 plus one year of college physics and chemistry; and should have a 

 B average or better in mathematics, physical science and engineer- 

 ing courses. Graduates of the U. S. Naval Academy and the Naval 

 Reserve Officer Training Corps Units (regular students) may apply 

 after approximately three years active duty. 



The first three years of commissioned service will consist of 

 a tour of sea duty on an oceanographic or hydrographic survey vessel 

 and a shore duty tour at a naval facility involving application of 

 oceanographic information to naval operations. Subsequent tours 

 may include managentient of research and development projects, 

 oceanographic forecasting, mapping, charting and geodesy, instructor 



XIX 



