XX 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER XII. 



THE DEPTHS OF THE OCEAN. 



Soundings by other Nations, § 676. — Contrivances for Deep Soundings, 678. — Clock- 

 work, 679.— Torpedo, 680.— Magnetic Telegraph, 681.— The Myths of the Sea, 

 683. — Attempts to Sound, 688. — The Observatory Plan for Sounding, 690. — Prac- 

 tical Difficulties, 692. — Oceanic Circulation, 695. — Law of Plummet's Descent, 698. 

 — Brooke's Sounding Apparatus, 700. — Greatest Depths yet reached, 701. — Speci- 

 mens from the Pacific, 703 Page 240 



CHAPTER XIII. 



THE BASIN OF THE ATLANTIC. 



Its Shape, ^ 704.— Plate XI., 709.— The deepest Part of the Atlantic, 710.— The Use 

 of Deep-sea Soundings, 713. — The telegraphic Plateau, 714. — It extends around 

 the Earth as a Ridge, 715. — The first Specimens with Brooke's Lead, 717. — The 

 Bottom of the Sea a Burial-place, 724. — The leveling Agencies at work there, 730. 

 — ^Marine Insects presented in a new Light, 734. — Conservators of the Sea, 739. — 

 Calcareous Shells, 742. — Tallying marine Currents, 745. — A Cast of 7000 Fathoms 

 in the Indian Ocean, 750. — Bottom from the Coral Sea, 751. — Microscopic Exam- 

 ination of, 753.— The Bed of the Ocean, 761 251 



CHAPTER XIV. 



THE WINDS. 



Belt of Southeast broader than Northeast, ^ 764. — Tracks of Vessels across the South- 

 east Trades, 767. — Scenes in the Trade-wind Regions, 770. — The Effect of South 

 Africa and America upon the Winds, 779. — Monsoons, 787. — Dove's Theory, 789. 

 — Proof that the Southwest Monsoons are the Southeast Trades deflected, 797. — 

 How the Southwest Monsoons march toward the Equator, 806. — How the Monsoon 

 Season may be known, 809. — Influence of Deserts upon the Winds, 810. — Chang- 

 ing of the Monsoons, 819. — West Monsoon in Java Sea, 823. — Water-spouts, 826. 

 — Influence of Currents upon Winds, 829. — The Calm Belts, 835. — The Equatorial 

 Calms, 837.— The Horse Latitudes, 840.— The Westerly Winds, 843.— The brave 

 West Winds of the Southern Hemisphere, 846 266 



CHAPTER XV. 



CLIMATES OF THE OCEAN. 



Milky Way of the Sea, ^ 848. — Contrasted with Climates Ashore, 852. — Movements 

 of Isotherms, 854. — Mean Temperature of Sea and Air, 860. — Rain in high Lati- 

 tudes at Sea, 863. — Climate of England affected by Coast Line of Brazil, 871. — 

 The Gulf of Guinea, 875. — Summer in the Northern Hemisphere hotter than in the 

 Southern, 883. — A Harbor for Icebergs, 884. — Course of the Isothermal Line across 

 the Atlantic, 887 294 



CHAPTER XVI. 



THE DRIFT OF THE SEA. 



Data used for Plate IX., ^ 893.— The Antarctic Flow, 896.— A large Flow from the 

 Indian Ocean, 902. — Patches of colored Water, 905. — The Lagullas Current, 



