352 ADDENDA. 



August 14th.— Lat. 71° 21' 30" N., long. 175° 22' 00" W. 

 Sea smooth; strong current to N. by W. ; temperature of air ^ 45°. 

 Watee. 

 Temperature. Specific Gravity. -» 



At surface 44 1.0256 I ^ „, ^ ^ 



" 10 fathoms 33.4 1.0268 > Depth, 25 fathoms. 



« 25 " 37.3* 1.0268 J 



* Near tlie bottom. 



August 15th.— Lat. 71° 21' 30" N., long. 175° 22' 00" W. 

 Temperature of air, 45°. 



Watee. 

 Temperature. Specific Gravity. ^ 



At surface 42.5 1.0258 I 



" 12 fathoms 39.8 1.0264 ^Depth, 25 fathoms, 



" 25 " 40.2* 1.0264 J 



* Very near tlie bottom. 



August 16th, 8h. 30m. A.M.— Lat. 71° 16' 00" N., long. 176° 05' 00" W. 

 Wind from the southward ; temperature of air,Z7 .5° . 

 Watee. 

 Temperature. Specific Gravity. -» 



At surface 38.2 1.0246 ,. „, , ^ 



« 15 fathoms 31.6 1.0256 >Depth, 31 fathoms. 



« 31 " 34* 1.0258 J 



* Very near the bottom. 



August 17th, 11 A.M.— Lat. 68° 42' 00" N., long. 174° 27' 30" W. 

 Sea smooth — calm; temperature of air, 48.6°. 



Watee. 

 Temperature. Specific Gravity. ^ 



At surface 45 1.0264 I ^, .. _, 



„ „„ . , CO 1 AOTi > Depth, 28 fathoms. 



« 20 fathoms 38 1.0271 f ^ ' 



«« 28 ♦' 40.2* 1.0271 J 



* Very near the bottom. 



Here the sea is shallow, and we may suppose that this arrange- 

 ment or stratification is, as these observations indicate, even more 

 striking in the deep water of the Polar basin than it is where these 

 observations were made. An extensive layer of water at the tem- 

 perature of 40° would, when brought to the surface in those hyper- 

 borean regions, tend mightily to mitigate and soften climates there. 



The water was obtained at these various depths by means of a 

 cylinder contrived for the purpose. 



Now the question is. How did this hot and heavy water that 

 was found at the bottom get there ? Did it come through Behr- 

 ing's Strait with the warm water of the surface ? or did the Gulf 



