the Poor in Bavaria. 301 



observed, and from thence to the spooler, by whom it is 

 wound off. Any frauds committed in reeling cannot 

 fail to be brought home to the spinner. 



The bundles of carded wool delivered to the spinners, 

 though they are called poinids^ are not exact pounds. 

 They contain each as much more than a pound as is 

 necessary, allowing for wastage in spinning, in order 

 that the yarn when spun may weigh a pound. If the 

 yarn is found to be wanting in weight, a proportional 

 deduction is made from the wages of the spinner, which 

 deduction, to prevent frauds, amounts to a trifle more 

 than the value of the yarn which is wanting. 



Frauds in weaving are prevented by delivering the 

 yarn to the weavers by weight, and receiving the cloth 

 by weight from the loom. In the other operations of 

 the manufactures, such as fulling, shearing, pressing, 

 etc., no frauds are to be apprehended. 



Similar precautions are taken to prevent frauds in the 

 linen, cotton, and other manufactures carried on in the 

 house ; and so effectual are the means adopted that 

 during more than five years since the establishment was 

 instituted, no one fraud of the least consequence has 

 been discovered, the evident impossibility of escaping 

 detection in those practices having prevented the 

 attempt. 



Though the above-mentioned details may be suffi- 

 cient to give some idea of the general order which 

 reigns in every part of this extensive establishment, yet, 

 as success in an undertaking of this kind depends es- 

 sentially on carrying on the business in all its various 

 branches in the most methodical manner, and rendering 

 one operation a check upon the other, as well as in 

 making the persons employed absolutely responsible for 



