RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 63 
California hot water heaters have been installed on the roof with 
insulated hot water storage tanks. 
Considerable thought and experimentation is being devoted to 
the possibility of developing a solar engine. Abbott of the Smith- 
sonian Institution has long pioneered in this field. 
Need for Scientific Teamwork 
I have merely touched on a few points in a few of the many 
fields of research in which we must achieve results. 
In any scientific work it is first essential to survey the field. In 
this case it is a survey of the fields. Therefore it is a highly complex 
operation calling for teamwork of the highest order. I do not de- 
cry individual effort. Indeed some of the greatest contributions to 
knowledge have been made by the Newtons and Einsteins. But 
in the title of this paper, ‘“The Challenge of Arid Land Research 
and Development for the Benefit of Mankind,” it is impossible 
to avoid the inference that we must have teamwork, and that 
teamwork should be between individuals, between universities 
and research institutions, and between peoples—in other words, 
between United Nations organizations. 
Particularly does it seem appropriate that we who belong to 
those sections of mankind that enjoy the highest standards of 
living should see a plain duty to help in every way possible to 
benefit the less well-off sections of mankind. I often think how 
wasteful it is that the billions of money are expended in defending 
part of mankind against possible aggression by another part of 
mankind when they could be spent in research work of this sort 
for the benefit of mankind. Imagine our young folk being called 
up for service and electing to serve for a period in one of the fields 
we have been discussing during these meetings. But that is 
Utopian. 
It seemed to me that the title of this paper required me to be a 
sort of missioner, and if I have succeeded in confirming in the 
reader a determination to support in every way practicable the 
efforts of scientists, the work of institutions and above all the 
great work being done by UNESCO, FAO, WHO and others, 
I am amply rewarded. 
