142 THE FUTURE OF ARID LANDS 
I General and synoptic 
meteorology, dynamic 
climatology 
Basic investigations 
General circulation con- 
ditions 
Particular circulation 
problems as ‘‘easterly 
waves” 
Hurricanes 
Influence of westerlies, as 
for instance how ‘‘jet 
stream”’ position effects 
winter rain 
Dynamics of cumulus 
clouds 
Radiation from sun and 
sky 
Applied 
Research on use of wind 
energy 
Research on use of solar 
energy 
Soil conservation studies 
Long-range forecasting of 
precipitation 
TABLE 1 
Climatic Research in Arid Lands 
II Water balance 
Macroclimatic investiga- 
tions 
Basic 
Humidity conditions of 
air masses involved 
Causes for humidity 
distribution 
Cloud physics 
Distribution of precipi- 
tation; relation of 
distribution to circula- 
tion 
Variability of precipita- 
tion 
Chemical content of 
precipitation 
Heaviness of precipita- 
tion 
Max. temp. in relation 
to sunshine; in cases 
frost studies 
Applied 
Artificial rainfall 
Irrigation 
Use of chemical content 
in precipitation 
Ground water and pre- 
cipitation 
Soil conservation 
Microclimatic investiga- 
tions 
Basic 
Exchange of heat, hu- 
midity, and momen- 
tum at the ground 
Calculation of evapora- 
tion from heat balance 
Measurements of evapo- 
transpiration 
Water supply in the soil 
Soil and ground tempera- 
ture 
Dew studies 
Microclimate in forests 
Applied 
Prevention of evapor- 
ation 
Use of dew for different 
plants 
Influence of deforestation 
Reforestation 
Soil conservation 
Plant ecology 
Seeding days and harvest 
days 
Phenology 
types, hurricanes, perturbations in the airflow, convective in- 
stability in cumulus clouds, winter rainfall related to the “‘jet- 
stream” position and the statistics of fluctuations of rainfall 
created by these mechanisms as to find out in which strata of 
rocks the ground water exists or how to irrigate dry lands by 
surface water coming from surrounding areas of higher precipita- 
tion or from rivers coming from such regions. 
The second type of investigation cannot be successfully carried 
out without the first one. Furthermore, careful investigations of 
