ADAPTATION OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS 339 
This includes taxonomic as well as ecological work. Fencing of 
several areas representing different conditions of soil proved its 
efficiency in quick restoration of plant cover. In a two-year period 
of protection, the number and size of native plants already men- 
tioned under (3), growing in fenced areas, have considerably 
increased in comparison with those in unprotected areas. 
6. Study of livestock health, breeding, feeding, and manage- 
ment to insure that animals will be best adapted and fully produc- 
tive. In many instances improvement of the ranges was followed 
by the spread of certain animal diseases, mostly parasitic infes- 
tations. The study of existing parasites is carried out to help in 
finding the correct rotation of grazing. Range and livestock 
management should be handled in a way that will control such 
infestations and insure maximum productivity. 
7. Study and use of available concentrates from the Nile Delta 
to allow possibilities for using all the roughage produced in the 
desert. 
8. Water development for domestic and livestock use and for 
limited irrigation including supplemental forage production. 
g. Establishment of a training center for range management, 
serving also as an extension center. 
Fruitful Lines of Action 
In summary, it may be concluded: 
1. With available information, more work must be conducted 
in animal physiology, to be able to set scales for drought resist- 
ancy in animals. Yet the use of existing breeds of cininnell origi- 
nated under arid conditions and having certain characteristics 
exo- and endo-adaptive to these conditions has its practical and 
scientific significance. 
2. As most of the characteristics that will counteract environ- 
mental changes rest upon a genetic basis, and as the patterns of 
inheritance in breeds of animals under desert and semi-desert 
conditions usually help in developing such characteristics, the use 
of these breeds in improvement programs 1s highly recommended. 
The extent of such use has to be governed only by the results of 
experimental studies on comparative productivity. 
