340 THE FUTURE OF ARID LANDS 
3. Inasmuch as plants, the grazing animal, and the human race 
should be considered as a community living in a symbiotic group, 
screening procedures for selection of more productive species and 
development of programs for revegetation of arid regions should 
be tackled from different angles at one time, through the estab- 
lishment of well-equipped experiment stations adequately staffed 
and financed. 
4. Fodder production generally is increased under proper man- 
agement. Water development paves the way for better use of the 
range. The present destructive uncontrolled rights of use now 
prevailing in arid and semi-arid lands should be subjected to the 
fulfilment of certain land improvement requirements. Fencing 
of a certain percentage of land within a reasonable time, followed 
by proper use of the range, should allow for complete property 
rights on the land. Loans to encourage and support land owner- 
ship in desirable types of use might materially increase produc- 
tion in arid lands. 
5. Nomadism is a symptom more than a disease. Once a chance 
of stable life is given through proper land use and ownership and 
through controlled grazing, there will be little reason for its ex- 
istence. With improvement of forage and water resources and the 
development of a settled way of life, a number of technicians, 
laborers, and livestock producers could be absorbed to help de- 
velopment and formation of proper desert communities. 
This, in general, is the approach and pattern which one single 
country like Egypt might be able to develop to solve partly the 
problems of its 22 million, rapidly growing population, who live 
crowded in 6 million acres surrounded by deserts. However, there 
are certain other fields where work on arid land problems might 
be advanced most fruitfully through international collaboration. 
International Cooperation 
Most of the stations where arid land improvement is carried 
out at present are field stations conducting empirical trials. Fu- 
ture programs on arid land development will need and have to 
depend more on basic research in such fields as physiology of 
drought resistance, genetics, soil science, ecology, solar energy, and 
