our heavy and bulky materials will certainly continue to move by 

 sea. So the work in naval hydrodynamics as a contribution to im- 

 proved sea transportation remains as important or more important 

 to trade and international relationships as it has ever been. 



Beyond ships and ship transportation, however, we are 

 entering an era of the use and exploitation of the oceans in which 

 other contributions of hydrodynamic understanding will be impor- 

 tant. We are beginning the expansion of our examinations of the 

 oceans to a complete sensor and surveying system so that we may 

 know the properties of the oceans and of the weather over the oceans 

 all over the world. We have the beginnings of the means to do this 

 in various types of buoys and instruments but many of the hydrody- 

 namic problems associated with the long-term mooring and move- 

 ment of buoys in the oceans have only begun to be broached and 

 there will be a good deal of work ahead if we are able to make really 

 permanent stations at sea so that we can understand the influence of 

 the weather on the oceans, the oceans on the weather and both on the 

 entire global environment. 



As we become more concerned about the degradation of the 

 environment and the problems of pollution, some of which are upon 

 us and some of which we can see coming rapidly, we are looking to 

 new means for unloading the ships that I have discussed earlier and 

 of moving them about in such a way that we can prevent catastrophes 

 and problems from occurring. This has begun to increase interest 

 in offshore terminals, offshore storage and the means for moving 

 equipment from these offshore platforms to the land. These struc- 

 tures and terminals also pose new problems in ocean engineering 

 and new questions of hydrodynamics, of structures, of wave forces, 

 of the movement of sediments on the bottom. These too will pose 

 problems for this branch of the engineering profession. 



In addition to these problems of manmade equipment and 

 structures we have continuing and increasing human interest in the 

 nature of the coastline itself, in the forces that shape the coastline, 

 either to construct it or to destroy it, and we always have the inte- 

 rest in learning how either to control these forces and movements 

 or to predict them and understand in what says we can live with them, 

 These also are traditional problems of naval hydrodynamics in the 

 broadest sense and problems that are very far from being solved. 

 So it is clear to me that in all these areas of transportation, of 

 terminals, of major structures at sea, of sensors to understand 

 what happens at sea and have an understanding of the very workings 

 of the natural forces themselves, this subject of naval hydrodyna- 



