CONTENTS 



VOLUME I 



Page 



Part I. Introduction 3 



Part II. Summary and conclusions 8 



Part III. Recommendations — The Proposed Program 41 



VOLUME II 



Part IV. The Importance of the Estuarine Zone 



Introduction 61 



Chapter 1 . The Estuarine System of the United States _ 62 



Section 1. General Description 62 



Section 2. The Dominating Environmental Factors 64 



Section 3 . The Biophysical Estuarine Regions 83 



Section 4. The Land and the Water 89 



Section 5. The Life Energy and Life in the Estuarine Zone 103 



Section 6. Energy and Management in the Biophysical Environment- 113 



Chapter 2. Use of the Estuarine Zone 115 



Section 1. Sustenance: Use as a Fish and Wildlife Habitat 115 



Section 2. Enjoyment: Use for Recreation 125 



Section 3. Use for Transportation 129 



Section 4. Use as a Human Habitat 131 



Section 5. Deliberate Modification of the Estuarine Zone 136 



Section 6. Summary 140 



Chapter 3. The Social and Economic Values of the Estuarine Zone 142 



Section 1. Economic Development of the Estuarine Zone 142 



Section 2. The Values of Individual Uses 150 



Section 3. Reviews of Case Studies of Uses of the Estuarine Environ- 

 ment 156 



Section 4. Measures of Value and Importance of the Estuarine Zone. 185 



Chapter 4. Social and Economic Trends 187 



Section 1. National Population and Economic Trends 188 



Section 2. Trends in the Estuarine Zone, Population and Economic,. 196 

 Section 3. Trends in Selected Activities Associated with the Estuarine 



Zone 212 



Section 4. Future Waste Discharge Impacts 233 



Chapter 5. Pollution in the Estuarine Zone 242 



Section 1. Materials and Conditions that Degrade the Environment.. 242 



Section 2. Sources of Pollution 256 



Section 3. Extent of Pollution Effects 269 



Section 4. Examples of Estuarine Systems Damaged by Pollution 275 



Section 5. Conclusion 281 



Chapter 6. Use Conflicts and Damages 283 



Section 1. Nature of Use Conflicts 283 



Section 2. Examples of Use Damage 289 



Section 3. Trends in Estuarine Ecology Associated With Man's 



Activities 304 



Section 4. Resolution of Use Conflicts 309 



Section 5. Summary 312 



Chapter 7. Summary 313 



Section 1. The Biophysical Environment 313 



Section 2. The Socioeconomic Environment 322 



Section 3. Pollution: The Impact of Human Society on the Estuarine 



Environment 332 



Section 4. Use Conflicts and Damages : Man's Battle With Himself 



and Nature 337 



(vn) 



