45 



Transportation ; 



National defense; 



Waste disposal ; and 



Scientific research. 

 In placing a value on the above uses, consideration must be given to 

 the following criteria : 



(a) Multipurpose use; 



(h) Preservation of the estuarine habitat essential to living 



(c) Use for estuarine dependent activities; and 

 resources ; 



{d) Conservation of nonrenewable resources. 



(3) Implementation, that is, the making and execution by govern- 

 ment of decisions as to which alternative plan will achieve for all con- 

 cerned the best use of the resource. The three broad forms of govern- 

 mental regulation include: 



(a) The establishment and enforcement of policies controlling 

 use and/or modification of estuarine and coastal resources by 

 public authorities through : 



[1] Water quality and other standards, zoning of land use, 

 and official use and management plans. 



[2] Permits, licenses, et cetera, governing permissible uses 

 and/or modification of estuarine and coastal resources. 

 (&) Promotion of established plans and policies through vari- 

 ous forms of incentives and assistance. 



(c) Control of use by selected acquisition, development and/or 

 administration by government itself. 



(4) Service activities to assist planning, regulation, and the use 

 of estuarine and coastal resources including : 



(«) Funding, through grants, credit, subsidies, or other finan- 

 cial inducements; 



(5) Technical assistance; 



(c) Research, studies, and inventories; and 



(d) Information and educational programs to improve public 

 awareness and manpower development programs to provide 

 trained personnel. 



(5) Participation in management by all levels of government, with 

 the primary management responsibility of the States preserved and 

 enhanced, and with existing management authority and programs re- 

 tained where these contribute to achieving the other objectives. 



Responsibilities and Recommended Role of the States in the 

 Comprehensive National Estuarine and Coastal Management 

 Program 



The States, in our Federal system of government, occupy a strategic 

 position in the management of the Nation's estuarine and coastal re- 

 sources. As holders of residual sovereignty, they possess ample au- 

 thority to manage these resources as they see fit, subject only to 

 limitations imposed upon them by the Constitution, by the Congress 

 acting pursuant to constitutionally authorized powers, and by their 

 own constitutions. Moreover, even in those areas in which the Federal 

 Government exercises exclusive or primary authority, the nature of 

 our political process gives State officials substantial power to influence 

 the objectives and exercise of Federal policies. 



