239 



Modern plants being installed presently, and in the near future, will 

 be larger in unit size, thereby increasing plant efficiency, but concen- 

 trating heat effects to a significant degree. Hydroelectric power gen- 

 eration, with the exception of the Pacific Northwest, is projected to 

 decline in importance. Fossil, and particularly nuclear, power genera- 

 tion will expand tremendously to meet expected demands. It is 

 estimated, for example, that by 1975 about half of the generation 

 capacity will be nuclear fueled. 



The growth of nuclear power is significant, not only because of the 

 large unit size (800 megawatts or larger) , but because they must pres- 

 ently operate at lower, and therefore less efficient, temperatures. In 

 sum, it will take more heat to generate a given amount of electrical 

 energy in the future, and more of that heat will have to be dissipated 

 somehow into cooling waters. Figure IV.4.18 gives an indication of the 

 growth of new nuclear generating plants to 1973. 



Although the actual future number of fossil and nuclear plants 

 located on the coasts and estuaries of the United States is unknown, 

 an indication of future thermal alteration potential is provided by 

 future operation of the following plants affecting coastal waters: 



TABLE IV.4.1Z.-EXPAN0ED OR PROJECTED POWER PLANTS AFFECTING ESTUARINE WATERS 



First 

 Project Megawatts electricity 



Maine Yankee Atomic Powerplant, Lincoln, Maine 



Pilgrim Station, Plymouth, Mass 



Connecticut Yankee Atomic Powerplant, Haddam Neck, Conn 



Indian Point Station— Unit 1, Buchanan, N.Y 



Indian Point Station— Unit 2, Buchanan, N.Y -. 



Oyster Creek Nuclear Powerplant Oyster Creek, N.J 



Oyster Creek Nuclear Power Unit No. 2, Oyster Creek, N.J ,.- 



Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station Unit No. 1, Philadelphia, Pa 



Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station Unit No. 2, Philadelphia, Pa 



Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station Unit No. 3, Philadelphia, Pa 



Surry Power Station Unit No. 1, Surry County, Va 



Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Powerplant Unit No. 1, Maryland - 



Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Powerplant Unit No. 2, Maryland -. 



Brunswick Steam Electric Plant Unit No. 1, Brunswick County, N.C 



Brunswick Steam Electric Plant Unit No. 2, Brunswick County, N.C... 



Crystal River Plant Unit No. 3, Crystal River, Fla 



Humboit Bay Powerplant, San Onofre, Calif... 



Malibu Nuclear Plant Unit No. 1, California 



RanchoSeco Nuclear Generating Station, California 



Diablo Canyon Nuclear Powerplant Unit No. 1, San Luis Obispo, Calif 



Diablo Canyon Nuclear Powerplant, San Luis Obispo, Calif — 



SOLID WASTES 



Solid wastes, particularly those associated with urban areas and 

 concentrations of industry, must be recognized as major hazards to 

 the maintenance of a desirable estuaidne environment. The problem of 

 disposal of solid wastes becomes particularly acute as available land 

 surrounding central cities is built up. Traditionally, wetlands have 

 been considered convenient sites for the disposal of all types of un- 

 wanted material, from demolition wastes to tricycles. It is estimated 

 that the amount of land necessary to store and/or process solid wastes 

 for ultimate disposal will nearly double from 1966 to 1976. 



A recent report conducted for the Regional Plan Association studied 

 the New York metropolitan area generation and handling of wastes. 

 The Study found that in 1965 the residential solid wastes generated 



