261 



Table IV.5.6. — Pollution characteristics of industrial waste — Continued 



Major wastes characteristics 



Treatment 



Various oily components. Phenolic 

 compounds. Sour waters contain- 

 ing sulfides and mercaptans. 

 Ammonia. Cyanide. Pyridine. 

 Spent caustic solutions. Various 

 detergents. Hot streams. Various 

 sludge components. Chromates. 

 Biocidal agents. Chemicals that 

 cause fish flavors, a major waste- 

 water problem. 



Large quantity of hot water. Sulfur 

 zinc compounds and wide variety 

 of biocidal organic compounds. 

 Organic acids and BOD compo- 

 nents. Discoloration from carbon 

 black. Detergents and suspended 

 solids. 



Salt, animal fluids, proteinaceous 

 compounds, fat, suspended flesh, 

 sulfide and ammonium salts, de- 

 tergents, organic solvents, vege- 

 table and chrome tanning agents. 

 Very high BOD and nusiance pro- 

 motion components. Components 

 with biqcidal action. 



Suspended solids from mineral grad- 

 ing in large quantity, when min- 

 ing associated with manufacture. 

 Small amount of suspended solids 

 from grinding and cutting opera- 

 tions. 



Fly ash, metal chips and powder, 

 iron salt solutions, acids, bases, 

 chromium, variety of organic 

 chemicals, cyanide, oils, deter- 

 gents, sulfides, ammonia, fluorides 

 and heat. Volume hugh. 



Oils, metals powder and chips, de- 

 tergents, paint solvent and solids, 

 chromic acid, phosphoric acid, 

 cyanide and heavy metals. 



Suspended solids, oils, detergents, 

 acidic metal salts, organic sol- 

 vents, cyanide, ammonia, fluor- 

 ide, phenolic compounds, phos- 

 phoric and chromic acids. Many 

 substances unfavorable to aquatic 

 organisms. 



Metal chips and powder, other sus- 

 pended solids, oils, acides, deter- 

 gents, cyanide, heavy metals, 

 paint solvents and solids. These 

 industries are not regarded as 

 heavy polluters but carry on oper- 

 ations that consistently lead to 

 polluted water. Plating baths are 

 a serious hazard and demand close 

 control. 



Physical, chemical, oxidation, cooling, neu- 

 tralization, oil separation, sedimentation, 

 bio-oxidation in adapted systems, partic- 

 ularly activated sludge and aerated la- 

 goons. Flotation, electrostatic separators 

 and centrifugation. 



Process control, physical, acclimated bio- 

 oxidative system. 



Process control, chemical coagulation, sedi- 

 mentation, bio-oxidative treatments. 



Sedimentation. 



Process control, chemical, physical neutral- 

 ization, precipitation, oil separation, flo- 

 tation, magnetic separation, acclimated 

 bio-oxidative systems particularly acti- 

 vated sludge and aerated lagoons. High 

 speed mills and deteriorating ore quahty 

 leading to more waste. Deep wells. No 

 separation of fluorides. 



Process control, chemical, sedimentation, 

 oil separation, bio-oxidation, municipal 

 plants. 



Process control, chemical, oil separation, 

 sedimentation, bio-oxidation, municipal 

 plant. 



Process control, double tanking of cyanide 

 baths, chemical, oil separation, sedimen- 

 tation, bio-oxidation and municipal plants. 



