302 



modest if not low socioeconomic background whose residences are 

 within easy reach of these beaches, such as Newark, Elizabeth, Man- 

 hattan, and Staten Island. 



The economic loss resulting from loss in corollary sales is not in- 

 cluded : soft drinks, ice cream, and snack sales which constitute a 

 business for many seasonally employed people are not included in 

 this case study but have to be considered. 



The present condition of loss in recreational facilities was reported 

 by officials of the Park Department and verified through a direct inter- 

 view on April 19i69, with the Manager of the Parks Department, 

 F.D.K. Boardwalk. The pollution was verified by N.Y.C. Depart- 

 ment of Health. Coliform count at Midland and South Beach is in 

 the order of 7,000 to 9,000 MPN/100 ml; the greatest pollution exists 

 at the Narrows. 



The sewage and human waste from New York City area decreases 

 by dilution towards the middle of Staten Island shore and increases 

 where contact with the Jersey shore is greater. The human waste 

 materials emanating from these two points causes the lowest coliform 

 density point at Wolfe Pond Park. The latter is never posted accord- 

 ing to the guard interviewed on location. However, when the word 

 spreads that the other beaches have been posted, the attendance at 

 Wolfe Pond Park also drops up to 25 percent in spite of Wolfe Pond 

 Park not being posted. 



The fact that the parking lots, and hence the beaches themselves, 

 are hardly ever used to full capacity indicated that even when the 

 beaches are not posted, public opinion cannot react on a "day-to-day" 

 posting basis and people consider the beaches as "polluted" at all times. 

 The loss damage estimates could use the full parking lot capacity be- 

 cause the Staten Island area is in the midst of the largest metro- 

 politan complex in the world with a corresponding need for any and 

 all recreation facilities especially during the hot summer season when 

 the requirement for providing activity for teenagers and unemployed 

 is most critical. 



Santa Barbara^ Calif. 



An emission of oil originating in the vicinity of an offshore drilling 

 platform operated by Union Oil Co. began on January 28, 1969, and 

 was not contained until 12 days later; subsequently, additional oil 

 began leaking through the ocean floor. 



The oil came ashore in the vicinity of Santa Barbara and covered 

 beaches that are a major recreational resource of the area. The Union 

 Oil Co. accepted responsibility for cleaning the beaches and other 

 property damaged by the oil, and by June 1, 1969, had spent $4,600,000 

 for this purpose. (IV-6-6, IV-6-7.) 



DAMAGE TO NAVIGATION 



Charleston Harbor, S.C. 



The information for this case study was obtained from the U.S. 

 Army Corps of Engineers report "Survey Report on Cooper River, 

 S.C. (shoaling in Charleston Harbor)," 1966, and from "A retro- 

 spective economic analysis of the Santee-Cooper project," December 

 1967, by William Augustus Ward. 



