345 



headquarters level through committee and council work, routine daily 

 business and memorandum of agreement. 



(8) Granting Federal consent to interstate and international com- 

 pacts and commissions. 



(9) Assuring appropriate Federal performances under regional and 

 international obligations for the management of flyways, fisheries 

 resources, etc. 



Section 2. The Federal Programs 



To meet the requirements of the national interest and to carry out 

 its role, the Federal Government has assumed fairly broad responsi- 

 bilities in resource management, planning, regulation and control, 

 and in many programs of technical and financial assistance to the 

 States and the subdivisions. The description of the Federal programs 

 that follows will show how this has developed and how these pro- 

 grams currently meet Federal responsibilities. 



In describing the current Federal programs in the estuarine zone 

 it is important to note that the greater part of these programs is of 

 much broader scope than just that of the estuarine zone, and thus the 

 activities reported herein are generally portions of larger programs 

 which overlap and crossover the estuarine zone. Because these pro- 

 grams are of long-standing importance to the development and preser- 

 vation of the Nation's resources and to the promotion of its commerce 

 and industry they should not be f ragm_ented or segmented by arbitrary 

 geographic dividing lines ; nevertheless, this description will confine 

 itself as closely as possible to those parts of the programs relating to 

 the estuarine zone, with the possible risk of appearing incomplete at 

 times. 



FOUR GENERAL CATEGORIES OF PROGRAMS 



Categorization of the multitudinous Federal activities in the estu- 

 arine zone cannot be clear cut as there is a continuous series of inter- 

 locking activities and concurrent jurisdictions. Nevertheless, four 

 general categories become apparent when the overall activities are 

 viewed. These are : (1) those activities and programs having a direct 

 and significant operational ejffect; (2) programs or activities having 

 indirect or related effects; (3) activities primarily of a research and 

 study nature ; and (4) activities of a planning and coordination nature. 



CATEGORY 1 : PROGRAMS HAVING DIRECT AND SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS 



Into category 1 have been placed the programs of the Department 

 of the Interior, the Department of Commerce, the civil works pro- 

 gram of the Corps of Engineers, and the Department of Transporta- 

 tion, as all these in themselves have a direct and major effect on the 

 use of the estuarine zone. 



Department of the Int&ri&r 



By virtue of the numerous activities of the bureaus and offices in 

 the Department of the Interior, the Department, in essence, is the 

 resource manager of the estuarine zone. This applies to both the living 

 and nonliving marine resources and to a slightly lesser extent the 

 related land resources. This is well demonstrated in the description 

 that follows. 



