458 



self-explanatory. Development, as defined by the Commission, is the 

 provision, either directly or by arrangement with other governmental 

 agencies, of such public facilities as beaches, marinas, and other water- 

 front works. It includes also the leasing of estuarine and coastal zone 

 lands. 



The Commission also suggests that the States may be forced to re- 

 gain zoning powers over land use which most States have yielded to 

 local jurisdictions. Presumably, this regained authority would be exer- 

 cised by the coastal zone authority (or authorities). Its report adds, 

 "Additionally, it may be desirable to delegate to the State coastal zone 

 authorities certain regulatory functions of Federal agencies, such as 

 reviewing proposals for construction in navigable waterways and ad- 

 vising Federal construction agencies." 



FEDERAL GRANT ASSISTANCE 



To assist the States in developing coastal zone management plans, 

 the Commission proposes that the Federal government fund one-half 

 of each authority's operating costs during the first 2 years of its exist- 

 ence. Matching grants also should be provided for planning studies, 

 either through existing Federal grant programs or under new legisla- 

 tion. Other grant programs now available at the Federal level and ap- 

 plicable to other phases of the management of the coastal zone should 

 be used to the full. 



FEDERAL REVIEW OF STATE PLANS 



In the Commission's view, the multiplicity of Federal interests in 

 the coastal zone calls for Federal review of "proposed State plans and 

 their implementation." This Federal review should occur at three 

 stages: (a) when the State first proposes a particular type of coastal 

 zone authority; (b) when the comprehensive coastal plan is submitted 

 by the authority ; and (c) if the plan is approved, when further grants, 

 contracts for acquisition and development, or other financing are pro- 

 posed. Failure by a coastal zone authority to safeguard national inter- 

 ests could lead to Federal intercession, and inadequate performance by 

 an authority could lead to withdrawal of funding support and of 

 specific Federal functions delegated to the State. 



CENTRALIZATION OF FEDERAL RESPONSIBILITIES 



The Commission recommends that Federal responsibilities for deal- 

 ing with the State authorities be centralized to assure that the Federal 

 Government speaks with a single voice on coastal zone matters. To 

 achieve this centralization, the Commission recommends that these 

 responsibilities be assigned to the new National Oceanic and Atmos- 

 pheric Agency (NOAA), which its report elsewhere proposes be es- 

 tablished to secure "more effective use of the seas." Specific responsi- 

 bilities which the Commission would assign to NOAA include (a) 

 administration of Federal grants in support of the planning and en- 

 forcement activities of the State coastal zone authorities — this would 

 include the power to revoke or withhold grants if tlie authorities failed 

 to comply with plans approved by NOAA ; (b) assistance to the States 



