604 



(b) Mineralization processes: 



1. Site of activity : water or sediment ; 



2. Micro-organisms involved in oxidizing and reducing 

 processes, including ammonification, sulfate reduction, 

 nitrification, and sulfur oxidation. 



3. Chemical and physical parameters : dissolved oxygen, 

 pH, redox potential, particulate and dissolved organic 

 carbon; NH3, NO2, NO3, total nitgrogen; and total and 

 soluble phosphate. 



(c) Photosynthetic activity: 



1. Site of activity and light profile of the water column ; 



2. Productivity rates; 



3. Identity, distribution, and abundance of photosyn- 

 thetic organisms (phytoplankton, attached plants, and 

 bacteria) . 



5. Water quality factors: 



(a) Tidal ranges; 



(b) Circulation; 



(c) Salinity; 



(d) Temperature; 



( e ) Surface runoff and precipitation versus evaporation ; 



(/) Chemical constituents of the water and sediment at 

 selected sites; 



(g) Sewage discharges into the Bay, their strength, \olume, 

 and distribution; 



(h) Effects of sewage discharges on algae, coral, and other 

 biota. 

 6. Engineering analysis: 



(a) Determine alternative methods for dealing with expected 

 levels of sewage discharge over time to meet a range 

 of specified water quality criteria ; 

 (6) Estimate the investment and operational costs of the 

 various alternatives for primary, secondary, and terti- 

 ary treatment of the effluent to meet these criteria ; 

 (c) Determine methods for controlling stream discharge at 

 various levels of the watershed and project costs for 

 each alternative. 

 7. Identify and quantify the various uses, present and potential, 

 of Kaneohe Bay and relate the value of these uses to the cost of 

 fostering them. 



NEWPORT BAY, CALIF.: REESTABLISHING A DESIRABLE ECOSYSTEM AFTER 

 PHYSICAL MODIFICATION OF THE ESTUARY 



Physical modification of an estauary by construction, dredging, fill- 

 ing, and other human activities usually triggers ecological changes 

 followed by a period of readjustment. The natural fauna and flora m- 

 itially are impoverished but the area is slowly recolonized. Recovery 

 may take years and the final result may not be as desirable or produc- 

 tive as the original community. 



Bays and harbors have a specialized biota adapted to estuarine en- 

 vironments. If a species is eliminated by human activities, recolonizing 



