616 



for designing waste treatment and disposal systems. Also, the design 

 of waste treatment and disposal systems must become much more 

 scientifically oriented than in the past. Historically such design has 

 been concerned primarily with maintaining aerobic conditions in the 

 receiving waters and in keeping these waters safe for human health. 

 Now that scientific methods are becoming available for assessing a 

 broad range of marine receiving water values, the engineer's design 

 should become less based on use of "standard" systems land instead be 

 tailored to preserve the specific receiving water values of concern. 



RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MONITORING WASTE DISCHARGES AND 

 RECEIVING WATERS 



Monitoring program 



Monitoring of the coastal marine environment for waste compon- 

 ents and their effects on this environment must be considered on the 

 basis of a total system concept. In this regard, a monitoring system 

 should serve the following functions : 



(1) Provide intermittent or continuous characterization of 

 waste inputs together with the receiving body of water and its 

 terrestrial and atmospheric interfaces. This may be accomplished 

 by means of pertinent physical, chemical, or biological measure- 

 ments sufficient to define the significant nature of the water body 

 throughout a time period specified on the basis of statistical 

 validity. 



(2) Provide a knowledge of all sources of mass movement into 

 and residence time within the receiving water body, establish the 

 significant character ^ of such sources, and evaluate the relativd 

 contribution of each to the nature of the water body. 



(3) Provide for rapid data evaluation and indicate the response 

 procedures appropriate for the given water condition. 



Efforts to characterize wastes and receiving waters should take 

 cognizance of the need for rapid, accurate, and economical methods 

 for measurement of the selected parameters. In addition, instrumen- 

 tation should be adapted or developed to perform the analyses and 

 to transmit or record the observed data. Finally, data analysis tech- 

 niques should be developed so that corrective action can be initiated 

 promptly. 



In any monitoring program the value of observed data depends 

 upon: 



(1) Sampling procedures which provide samples representative 

 of the condition of the air, land, and water interfaces at any point 

 in time. 



(2) Sufficient vertical and horizontal control points, the sam- 

 ples from which will adequately describe the system. 



(3) Sufficient frequency of sample collection to validate the 

 analyses within any preselected statistical confidence limits. 



(4) Analytical procedures which are of defined precision in 

 terms of the parameter being measured. 



In recognition of the fact that the character of one restricted water 

 body or coastal regime is quite likely different from another, no rec- 



1 The phrase "significant character" for these purposes Is In need of further definition 

 and this subject is dealt with in the main part of this report. Criteria for such classifi- 

 cation would necessarily have to be applied on a case-by-case basis. 



