620 



TABLE Vl.3.2.— SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDED CORE PROGRAM ANALYSES WATER COLUMN AND SEDIMENTS 



Restricted Ocean 

 Analyses water water 



Water column: 

 Physical: 



(a) Flotables and films X X 



(b) Clarity X X 



(c) Temperature X X 



Biological: 



(a) Conforms - - X X 



(b) Biostimulants X X 



(c) Biomass characterization 1 X X 



Chemical: 



(a) Dissolved oxygen X 



(b) Chlorosity X X 



(c) pH X X 



(d) Nitrates X 



(e) Phosphates X 



Sediments: 



Physical : 



(a) Particle size distribution X X 



(b) Temperature X X 



Biological: Benthos characterization' X X 



Chemical: 



(a) Organic matter - X X 



(b) H2S (presence or absence) X X 



(c) pH X X 



> Quantitative. 

 RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING PHYSICAL PROCESSES AND INTERACTIONS 



Initial dilution and diffuser design 



(1) Present knowledge of buoyant jet diffusion is nearly adequate 

 for design of an outfall (including a multiple-port diffuser) to achieve 

 a prescribed initial jet dilution and submergence below any given 

 thermocline. However, further research is needed in a number of areas. 

 Primarily, there is need for understanding of line sources, and how 

 well multiple-jet diffusers may be represented by line sources. Al- 

 though current effects on initial plume behavior are not well under- 

 stood, they are not as critical as density stratification as a factor in 

 predicting initial dilutions due to jet mixing. 



(2) Methods do not exist for predicting the size and shape of waste 

 fields (of either conventional or heated effluents) which are developed 

 at the end of the initial jet-mixing stage. Closely coupled with tliis 

 is the problem of lateral spreading due to density differences between 

 the field and its environment. Research should be conducted on both of 

 these problems. 



(3) For barge dumping of sludges in the ocean, research is needed 

 on flows generated by suddenly released sinking sludge in a stratified 

 environment. 



(4) Control of thermal pollution in coastal waters involves the 

 same kind of stratified flow problems as sewage disposal. Inasmuch 

 as large submerged diffusion structures are not in use yet, some prob- 

 lems of large single jets need special study, such as the behavior of 

 a buoyant surface jet injected in a stream perpendicular to the current. 



(5) Field studies of flow patterns and dilutions over waste outfalls 

 are needed urgently to confirm design predictions and methods. Most 

 of the hydrodynamics of buoyant jet mixing has been confirmed only 

 in laboratory experiments. 



