changed to Auxiliary in February 1941, and a military Reserve set up 

 on the pattern of the Naval Reserve. The Women's Reserve ( SPARS ) 

 was established during World War II, terminated after the war, and 

 re-established November 1949 ( 14 USC 762) . 



On VJ-Day, there were about 144,000 Coast Guard reservists out of a 

 total Coast Guard membership of some 172,000. During the next fiscal 

 year the Coast Guard was cut back to 22,000 military personnel, and 

 almost all the reserves were discharged or placed on inactive status. 

 The organization remained static for several years. In 1949, the 

 Reserve had 4,875 officers and 125 enlisted men, all veterans of World 

 WarIL 



Then world conditions became precarious again. In 1950, the Coast 

 Guard began to train a nucleus reserve of officers and enlisted men, 

 primarily for port security and vessel augmentation (more personnel 

 aboard ship) . Their long-range mission was to be ready for immedi- 

 ate action in time of emergency. 



The Reserve Forces Act of 1955 established the National Ready 

 Reserve Manpower Pool, with a Coast Guard quota subsequently set 

 at 39,600 officers and men needed for early mobilization. The act 

 authorized two training programs: The 2x6 program called for 6 

 years of service, 2 on active duty. The 6x8 program specified 8 years 

 of service, with 6 months of active duty. The balance of obligated 

 service included drills and short periods of active duty for training. 



Ready Reservists can be drafted for active duty for not more than 

 24 months in national emergency proclaimed by the President. Con- 

 gress may call them for the duration of a war or emergency and 6 

 months thereafter. All Ready Reservists are designated in "Active 

 Status," and thus eligible for pay, promotion, and retirement credits. 



Present Status 



Because the Coast Guard operates normally as an arm of the Navy 

 in time of emergency. Coast Guard and Navy cooperate closely in the 

 use of training schools, drill facilities, equipment, etc. Coast Guard 

 Reserve pay, allowances, and other benefits are affected by Naval 

 Reserve legislation, and most Coast Guard regulations, policies, and 

 operating procedures conform to those prescribed by the Secretary 

 of Defense. 



The Reserve Training Program is funded by direct appropriation 

 to the Coast Guard. Its costs have always been separated from those 

 of the regular service so that results could be measured against ex- 

 penditures. Reserve training is one of the few Coast Guard activities 

 budgeted on a program basis. 



Coast Guard reserve training involves 48 paid drills and 15 days of 

 paid active duty per year. There are about 15,000 Ready Reservists 



36 



