TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM 57 



August, 1919, and again at the winter quarters, Four Pillar Island (70° 

 43' N., 162° 25' E.), from October, 1924, to May, 1925.* The latter 

 station exhibited a diurnal range of the magnetic declination about 50 

 per cent less than what might have been expected according to usual 

 theory, but in full agreement with the results obtained at Norden- 

 skiold's winter quarters, Pitlekai (67° 5' N., 173° 30' W.), January to 

 March, 1879,^ and at the Russian polar station of 1 882-1 884, Sagastyr 

 (73° 23' N., 126° 35' E.), at the mouth of the Lena River.^'' Cape 

 Chelyuskin, on the other hand, revealed a diurnal variation of the 

 magnetic declination of the expected degree of development for a sta- 

 tion in magnetic latitude 80.8°. 



Continuous registrations of the fluctuations in the magnetic 

 elements were secured by the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism 

 of the Carnegie Institution of Washington in cooperation with the 

 MacMillan Arctic expeditions" at Bowdoin Harbor (64° 24' N., 77° 

 52' W.), southwest coast of Baffin Island, 1921-1922, and again at 

 Refuge Harbor (78° 31' N,, 72° 27' W.), northwest coast of Green- 

 land, 1923-1924. 



So also magnetic-observatory work was conducted during Cap- 

 tain Scott's two Antarctic expeditions, ^^ by the German Antarctic 

 expedition under the direction of Professor Erich von Drygalski,^^ 

 and by Sir Douglas Mawson's Antarctic expedition. ^^ 



While our knowledge of the incessant fluctuations in the earth's 

 magnetic condition has been materially advanced, there still re- 

 mains much to be done before we may perfect present theories of 

 causes. Appreciating this fact, the Section of Terrestrial Magnetism 

 and Electricity of the International Geodetic and Geophysical Union 

 at the Madrid meeting of October, 1924, passed a number of resolu- 

 tions recommending the establishment of additional magnetic and 

 electric observatories in high latitudes. ^^ Two resolutions of special 

 interest may be quoted here : 



5 See, above, footnote 4. 



9 A. Wijkander, edit.: Observations magnetiques, faites pendant I'expedition de la Vega, 1878-S0, 

 in: A. E. Nordensl^iold, edit.: Vega-expeditionens vetenskapliga iakttagelser, Vol. 2, pp. 429-504, 

 Stockholm, 1883. The geographical coordinates of Pitlekai are revised values as given in A. E. Nor- 

 denskiold, edit.: Die wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse der Vega-Expedition, Leipzig, no date [about 

 1882], p. 282. 



'" V. Fuss, F. Miiller, and N. Jiirgens: Beobachtungen der russischen Polarstation an der Lena- 

 miindung, I. Theil: Astronomische und magnetische Beobachtungen, 1882-1884 (in German and 

 Russian), Russian Geogr. Soc, [St. Petersburg], 1895; reference on pp. 138-139. 



11 See, above, footnote 4. 



12 National Antarctic Expedition, 1901-1904: Magnetic Observations, Royal Society, London. 

 1909; British (Terra Nova) Antarctic Expedition, 1910-1913: Terrestrial Magnetism, London, 1921, 



" Erich von Dry galski, edit.: Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition, 1901-1903: Erdmagnetismus in 

 Vols. 5 and 6 and Atlas 2, Berlin and Leipzig, 1906-1925. 



1^ Australasian Antarctic Expedition, 1911-14, under the leadership of Sir Douglas Mawson, 

 Scientific Reports: Terrestrial Magnetism in Series B, Vols, i and 2, Sydney, 1925. 



16 Transactions of Madrid Meeting, October, 1924, Sect, of Terrestr. Magnet, and Electr., Internatl. 

 Geodet. and Geophys. Union, Bull. No. 5, Baltimore, 1925, pp. 27-32. 



