ARCTIC SEA ICE 



93 



of the whole conventional area of the Arctic Sea.^ The two other 

 classes occupy concentric belts around the Arctic Pack — the fast-ice, 

 the outer belt, and the pack ice, the belt between the fast-ice and the 



Fig. 3 — Similar survey in 8i° 22' N. and 18° 0' E. on August 27, 1899. Scale, 

 1:13,000. Ratio of ice cover to open water, 100:28. On the ice in both figures the 

 small, irregular areas represent pools of fresh water mostly, and the shaded streaks, 

 hummocky ridges. Figs. 2 and 3 should be compared with the photographs of the 

 Arctic Pack taken from the air, Figs. 4 and 7. (From p. 391 ' of work cited in foot- 

 note 5-) 



Arctic Pack. The pack ice in winter occupies about 25 per cent of 

 the conventional area of the Arctic Sea, and the fast-ice about 5 



1 In dealing with the question of its ice cover the Arctic Sea may possibly be considered as bounded 

 by the northern margin of Spitsbergen, Franz Josef Land, and Northern Land (Nicholas II Land), 

 thence eastward by the Arctic coast of Siberia and Alaska, and finally by the poleward margin of 

 the American Arctic Archipelago and Greenland. 



Because of their being shut off from the main bulk of the Arctic Pack and for other reasons, 

 Barents Sea, Kara Sea, the sounds of the American Arctic Archipelago. Baffin Bay, and the western 

 half of Greenland Sea are excluded, but they certainly contain the two other classes of ice. 



