INDEX 



Abbot, C. G., 35 



Abisko, 150 



Ablation, snow and ice, 337 



Adare, Cape, 293; pressure, 294 



Adelaide Island, 303 



Adelie Land, 248, 254, 265, 355, 317; 



geology, 318 

 Adelie penguin, 371, 372, 377 

 African quadrant of the Antarctic, 



315- 319 



Agriculture, 201; Canada, northern 

 limit, 41 



Ainsworth, Mr., 287 



Air, 29; Antarctic, 265; Arctic, 393, 

 397; circulation around north pole 

 (with diagr.), 28; circulation between 

 equator and poles (with diagr.), '2']; 

 circulation in southern hemisphere 

 (with diagr.), 298 



Air navigation, 210, 405; Arctic, 390; 

 Arctic, checking route, 424; Arctic 

 Region (chart), 54; direction finding, 

 452; drift, speed, and direction de- 

 termination, 392; instruments used, 

 405; methods, 445; observations and 

 question of animal life, 224; points 

 on different meridians, 455; position 

 finding, 393, 406, 445; projection for 

 plotting course, .455; sextants, 447; 

 steering a course, 453 



Aircraft, 381; photography from, 394; 

 polar exploration by, 381 ; sledges and, 

 in Arctic exploration, relative func- 

 tions, 386; type to be used in polar 

 exploration, 398; use in the Antarctic, 

 325, 341. See also Airplanes; Airships 



Aircraft engines, 381; air-cooled versus 

 water-cooled, 999; lubrication, 382; 

 protection against cold, 423; protec- 

 tion from cold (ill.), 401; starting, 

 382 



Airplanes, 381 ; airplane N 24 after land- 

 ing on pack ice (ill.), 41 1; airships 

 and, in Arctic exploration, 387; 

 airships versus, in polar exploration, 

 419; Arctic flying experiences, 41 1; 

 Byrd's plane on flight to north pole 

 (ill.), 383; equipment for Arctic 

 exploration, 408; features adapting 

 it to Arctic flying, 381; fields in the 

 Arctic for take-off^ and landing, 384; 

 landing conditions, 403; landing gear: 

 wheels and skis, 402; lubrication of 



46 



motors, 382; polar exploration by, 

 397; skis as landing gear, 382; starting 

 engines in low temperatures, 382; 

 Wilkins' plane used in Arctic flight 

 (ills.), 401 



Airships, 404; airplanes and, in Arctic 

 ■exploration, relative merits, 387; air- 

 planes versus, in polar exploration, 

 419; Arctic flying experiences, 411; 

 exploration by, 419; ice incrustation, 

 422; iVorg£:transpolar flight of 1926,412 



Alaska, 235; boundary, 245; deep sea 

 north of, 6, 7; Eskimos, 184, 185 

 flying season, 384; geology, 64 

 hassocks, 146; Norge's flight to, 416 

 phenology, 150; reindeer, 228, 230 

 Thule culture, 168, 169; unknown 

 lands north, political rights to, 245 



Alaska blackfish. See Blackfish 



Albatrosses, 373 



Alcohol, 204 



Aleutian Islands, 161 



Aleuts, 185; Eskimos and, 173 



Alexander I Land, 301, 303 



Algae, Antarctic, 347 



Alimentation, snow and ice, 337 



Allen, G. M., 159 



Allen Glacier, 149 



Alpine- Arctic plants, 147; growth by 

 runners, 151 ; transplantation, 152 



Altimeter, 405 



American Arctic, 63; Eskimo habitat 

 and migration routes (maps), 182, 

 183; ethnology, 167; geological prob- 

 lems, unsolved, 63; geological problems 

 by periods, 64 



American (or Canadian) Arctic Archi- 

 pelago, 5, 6, 135; Arctic Pack and, 

 141; plant dissemination, 145; un- 

 discovered islands, y2 



American Geographical Society, v, 187 



"American Practical Navigator," 122 



American quadrant of the Antarctic, 

 315; geology, 322; meteorology, 301; 

 pressure, 303, 304, 305, 306, 312; 

 scientific exploring expeditions, and 

 source material for meteorology, 301 ; 

 temperature, 306, 308, 309, 310; 

 wind, 310, 311 



Amsterdam Island, 248, 356, 364 



Amund Ringnes Island, 5 



Amundsen, Roald, 20, 411, 414; on 

 Carmen Land, 320; on existence of 



