INDEX 



463 



Archeology, Eskimo, 171; Labrador, 

 need of work in, 173; value in Eskimo 

 study, 179 



Archer, Colin, 427 



Arctic, 3; air navigation, 490; bases of 

 exploration from the air, 388; central 

 region, 209; circulation of the water, 

 II; cotidal maps (ills.), 20, 21; faunal 

 distribution from, question of, 158; 

 faunal origin in, question of, 156; 

 flying conditions in different parts, 

 397, 421; flying experiences, 411; 

 flying season, best, 384; ice conditions, 

 seasonal changes from year to year, 

 435; land near the pole, question of, 

 8; life as contrasted with Antarctic, 

 358; life and lifelessness, 211, 215; 

 oceanography, 3; organic life (plank- 

 ton), 13; plant geography, 143; posi- 

 tional values, 209; problem of a broken 

 continent, 70; resources and their 

 utilization, 209; routes through, 210; 

 sovereignty, 235; submarine topogra- 

 phy, 3; summer flying, 385; surface 

 currents and ice drifts, 9; tides, 17; 

 unknown lands, sovereignty over, 242 



Arctic, 64, 237 



Arctic America, 63. See also American 

 Arctic 



Arctic Archipelago, 5. See also American 

 Arctic Archipelago 



Arctic Basin, 3, 133, 156; aircraft ex- 

 ploration, 412; bathymetric map, opp. 

 14; classes of ice, distributions (map), 

 91; navigational chart (A. G. S.), 447; 

 unexplored areas (map), 14 



Arctic Continent, non-existence, 242 



Arctic continental shelf, 3 



Arctic Eurasia. See Eurasian Arctic 



Arctic Ocean, 125. See also Arctic Sea 



Arctic Pack, 91, 95, 116, 125; American 

 Arctic Archipelago and, 141; area 

 in, seen from the Norge (ill.), 97; areas 

 in the outskirts, actual surveys 

 (maps), 92, 93; Baer's Law and, 134; 

 characteristics, 125; composition of 

 ice, 99; Franz Josef Land and, 140; 

 frontier region of, 129; in 87° 44' N. 

 and about 10° 20' W. in May, 1925 

 (ill.), 95; Kara Sea cover and, 136; 

 lead between Spitsbergen and the 

 pole, seen from the Norge (ill.), 96; 

 limits, 127; motion, 129, 131, 133; 

 north of Grant Land (ill.), 119; north 

 pole, from the Norge (ill.), 94; polynyas 

 and, 141 ; thickness, 135; variability 

 of the state of the ice, 104 



Arctic Pilot, 121, 122 



Arctic Regions. See Arctic 



Arctic Sea, 7, 83; animal life, 211 j cultures 



along shores, 189; ice, animal life 

 cycle, 97, 104; ice cover, 91; marine 

 deserts in, 221; mesothermy, 272; 

 resources, 210; state of the ice, 104, 

 105; stifling of life under sea ice, 216 



Arctic wind divide, 133 



Arctocephalus, 356 



Arctocephalus australis, 377 



Arctowski, Henryk, 122, 273, 276, 280, 

 302, 324, 327 



Argentine Government, 302 



Arrows, 196 



Artistic genius, 193 



Athabaska Landing, 58 



Atlantic Current, 11. See also Gulf 

 Stream 



Atlantic Ocean, stratification of waters 

 of southern, 272 (diagr.), 272-273 



Atmosphere. See Air 



Atmospheric electricity, 53, 60. See also 

 Electricity 



Atmospheric pressure. See Pressure 



Ault, J. P., 448 



Aurora, 59, 60; spectrum, 60 



Aurora, 255, 277 



Aurora australis, 265 



Australasian Antarctic Expedition, 253, 

 287 



Australia, 264; Antarctica and, climatic 

 relations, 285; Antarctica and, loca- 

 tional relations (with map), 285; 

 climate and weather, 286; fauna and 

 land connections in the Antarctic, 

 358; meteorological correlations with 

 Antarctica, 293; rainfall fluctuation, 

 295, 296 (maps), 297; sea south of, 

 257; seasonal changes (with diagr.), 

 286 



Australian quadrant of the Antarctic, 

 315- 316 



Aviation, 381. See also Air navigation; 

 Aircraft; Flying 



Axel Heiberg Island, 5; sovereignty, 

 236, 240 



Axes, 203 



Azimuth tables for flying, 452, 453, 



454 



Back River, 173 



Backlund, Helge, 75 



Baer's Law and the Arctic Pack, 134 



Baffin Bay, 141 ; ice movements, 438 



Baffin Island, 57, 60, 238, 239; magnetic 



records, 54 

 Baker, T. Y., 447 

 Balaena, 378 

 Balaenoptera, 378 

 Balch, E. S., 254 

 Balleny Islands, 257, 265 

 Banks Island, 6 



