INDEX 



465 



Buchan, Alexander, 133 



Bucksport, Me., 429 



Bukhtyeev, A. M., 23 



Burnstead, A. H., 391, 453 



Byrd, R. E., 250, 445; biogr. and bib- 



liogr. note, 380; Polar exploration by 



aircraft, 381-394 



Cagni, Umberto, 130, 140 



Cairnes, D. D., 66 



Canada, 235; Arctic meteorology and 

 the climate of Canada, 39; Arctic 

 shore geology, 64; claims in the Arctic, 

 237, 244; extension of 141st meridian 

 boundary, 244; tree growth and agri- 

 culture, northern limit, 41 



Canadian Arctic Archipelago, 6. See 

 also American Arctic Archipelago 



Canadian Arctic Expedition of 19 13- 

 19 1 8, 19; magnetic declinations ob- 

 served, 53 



Canadian Shield, 64 



Canoe birch, 143 



Cape pigeon, 373 



Carboniferous rocks, Arctic America, 

 66; Arctic Eurasia, 82 



Cardot, Jules, 344, 348 



Carex, 364 



Car ex lugens Holm, 146 



Caribou, 71, 149; habitat (map), 182 



Carlson, G. W. F., 347 



Carmen Land, 320 



Catharacta, 371 



Catharacta antarctica, 373 



Catharacta maccormicki, 371, 372 



Centers of action, 33 



Cerastium alpinum, 351 



Cetaceans, 359; Antarctic and sub- 

 Antarctic, 378 



Challenger, 255, 275, 279, 359, 362 



Chapman, Frederick, 280 



Charcot, J. B., 301 



Charcot Land, 256, 259, 303, 323 



Cheeseman, T. F., 349 



Chelyuskin, Cape, 56, 57, 126, 128, 137 



Chesterfield Inlet, 39, 41, 50 



Chevreux, E., 352 



Chilton, Charles, 349 



Chukchi Peninsula, 78; geology, 79; 

 need of geological study, 87 



Chukchis, 191, 193, 195, 197, 202; 

 clothing, 204 



Chun, Carl, 360 



Church, J. E., Jr., 32 



Churchill, 50 



Circulation of water in North Polar Sea, 

 II, 12 (diagr.), 13 (diagr.) 



Clarie Land, 254 



Clark, A. H., 219 



Clayton, H. H., 31, 36; Bearing of polar 



meteorology on world weather. The 

 27-37; biogr. and bibliogr. note, 26 



Clerc-Rampal, G., 122 



Climate, 39; Antarctic in the past, 331, 

 333; Antarctica, 289; Antarctica and 

 Australia, relations, 285; Arctic and 

 Canada, 39 



Clothing, 195; Eurasian Arctic, 204 



Coal, 66; Antarctic, 266; Arctic America, 

 67, 68; Canadian islands, 225; Siberian 

 deposits, 82; Spitsbergen, 225, 226 



Coats Island, 169; bone harpoon heads 

 representing Eskimo culture (ills.), 

 169 



Coats Land, 247, 255, 283, 301, 327; 

 geology, 322 



Cochlearia, 364 



Cold waves and polar fronts, 31 



Coldest places on earth, 39, 49, 265-266 



Coldewey, H., 446 • 



Coleman, A. P., 69, 71 ; biogr. and bib- 

 liogr. note, 62; Unsolved geological 

 problems of Arctic America, 63-72 



Collection, birds of the Antarctic, 374; 

 botanical, 351 



Colobanthus, 363 



Colobanthus crassif alius, 343 



Commerce. See Trade 



Commonwealth Bay, 362 



Compass, 390; air navigation and, 390; 

 aircraft, 405, 406; variation, 390, 392. 

 See also Magnetic declination ; Sun com- 

 pass; Earth-induction compass 



Continent, Arctic, question of, 70, 72 



Continental migration, 163 



Continental shelf, Antarctic, delineation, 

 258; Antarctic, unusual depth, 315; 

 Arctic, 3, 4 (diagr.), 7 (diagr.), opp. 

 14 (map) 



Cook, James, 352 



Cooking, 195 



Cooper, W. S., 149 



Copenhagen, Eskimo ethnological col- 

 lections, 186 



Copper, Arctic American possibilities, 65 



Cormorants, 374 



Coronation Gulf, 41, 50 



Cossacks, 199, 201; descendants, 202 



Crab-eater seals, 372, 376, 377, 378 



Cracks in sea ice, 117 



Craig Harbour, 237, 238 



Crested penguin, 373 



Cretaceous beds, Arctic America, 67; 

 Arctic Eurasia, 81, 83 



Crocker Land, 18 



Crozet group, 248 



Cryptogams, Antarctic, 343 



Currants, 143 



Currents, Arctic Pack region, 130, 131; 

 North Polar Sea, 9 



