INDEX 



467 



171; archeology as a tool in study of, 

 179; Bering Sea region and its rela- 

 tion to problem of, 191 ; coastal study 

 along straits of Northwest Passage, 

 179; culture, early, 167; culture, 

 future research, 1 77 ; culture, seat of the 

 first, 172; culture stages, objects from 

 (ills.), 168, 169, 171; direction names, 

 214; endemism of culture, 175; 

 estimates of extent of animal life, 

 213, 214; ethnographical collections 

 in museums, 186; folklore, 185, 193; 

 Greenland, culture problems, 184; 

 Greenland, peopling of, 175; inter- 

 national cooperation needed in study 

 of, 187; migration routes in American 

 Arctic (maps), 182, 183; migration 

 routes in Greenland, 181 ; Thule type of 

 culture, 179; vocabularies, 174 



Etah, 434, 435; as flying base, 388 



Ethnography, 189; Eskimo, museum col- 

 lections, 186; Eurasian Arctic, 189, 

 190 (map) 



Ethnology, Arctic America, 167; Arctic 

 problems, 173 



Euarctos kermodei, 158 



Eudyptes chrysocome, 2,73 



Eudyptes chrysolophus, 373 



Euphausiids, 369 



Eurasia, 80. See also Eurasian Arctic 



Eurasian Arctic, 75 ; Ethnographic prob- 

 lems, 189, 190 (map); fossil fauna and 

 flora, 82, 83; geological history of the 

 continental deposits, 82; geological 

 investigation needed, 86; geology and 

 unsolved problems, 75, 86; horsts 

 and grabens, 80, 81; native popula- 

 tion, 189; open water area in summer 

 along the coast, 105; population, 

 character, 200; positive and negative 

 crustal elements, 76, 77 (map and 

 profile) ; post-Tertiary, 83 ; Russian- 

 ized natives, 199; Russians, 198, 199; 

 shore line, need of study, 87; shores, 

 84; transgressions of the sea and 

 marine deposits, 81 



Eurasian Arctic tribes, 192; abilities 

 and types, 192; clothing, 195; dwellings 

 and household utensils, 196; food and 

 cooking, 195; hunting and trapping, 

 194; material culture: reindeer and 

 dog, 193; social organization, 197; 

 spiritual culture, 197; temperament, 

 193; trade and social relations, 198; 

 weapons, 196 



Europe, Arctic influences on weather, 

 46; northern Europe, geology, 82 



Evangelist Islands, 302 



Evans, Cape, 59, 290; pressure, 294 



Excavation of ruins, 187 



Exploration, aircraft methods, 381; air- 

 plane for, 397; airships for, 419; bases 

 of exploration of the Arctic from the 

 air, 388 



Explorers, early, 212, 428; future tasks, 

 332, 333; opinion on the lifeless 

 polar sea, 216 



Faddeev (Thaddeus) Island, 128, 138 



Faeroe-Iceland submarine ridge, 268, 270 



Faeroes, 7 



Fagus, 363 



Fairbanks, Alaska, 150 



Fairy tales, 205 



Falkland Island fox, 366 



Falkland Islands Dependencies, 247 



Fallieres Land, 303 



Fast-ice, 91, 109, 115, 127, 137; Arctic 

 Sea, 99; stages of development 

 (diagrs.), loo 



Fauna, Arctic not a center of origin or 

 of distribution, 156, 158; bipolarity 

 theory, 359; latitudinal dispersal theo- 

 ry i 159; recent theories, 157 



Feilden, H. W., 64 



Fennoscandia, 78; geology, 78, 80 



Fergusson, S. P., 31, 32 



Fernald, M. L., 68; plants in unglaciated 

 areas, 144, 147; plants of Wineland the 

 Good, 143 



Ferns, Antarctic, 344 



Filchner, Wilhelm, 301; Antarctic shelf 

 ice, 260; Weddell Sea, 322 



Filon, L. N. G., 447 



Fin whales, 378 



Finnoid types, 192 



Finns, 192, 206 



Fire fight, 202, 203 



Firearms, 203 



Fish, 157; Antarctic and land connec- 

 tion, 357; Antarctic and sub- Antarctic 

 regions, 368 (map), 369; frozen, 162 



Fisheries, 210, 216 



Fishing, 203; technique in the Arctic, 224 



Fjeldstad, J. E., 8; cotidal map of the 

 Arctic seas, 1923, 20, 21 (ill.) 



Flagler Fiord, 235 



Floes. See Ice floes 



Floebergs, 112, 116, 134 



Flora, Antarctic, 147; Antarctic land, ori- 

 gin, 348; Antarctic poverty, 343, 344; 

 Arctic, 71 ; Arctic Eurasia, fossil, 87 



Flowering plants, 343 



Floyd, E. M., 150 



Flying, 210, 381 ; airplanes for, 381; 

 Antarctic, 386, 425; Arctic, 210; 

 Arctic, best season for, 384; Arctic 

 conditions, varied, 397; equipment for 

 Arctic exploration, 408; meteor- 

 ological conditions for Arctic, 42 1; 



