472 



POLAR PROBLEMS 



Mesozoic strata, Arctic Eurasia, 8i 

 Meteorological stations, used in the 

 Arctic, 48, 50; poleward part of 

 northern hemisphere (map), 46 

 Meteorology, Antarctic, American quad- 

 rant, 301 ; Arctic influence on Canada, 

 39; world weather and polar meteor- 

 ology, 27 



Migration of continents, 163 



Migrations, Bering Strait region, 172; 

 Eskimo routes in American Arctic 

 (maps), 182, 183; Eskimos in Green- 

 land, 181 



Mikkelsen, Ejnar, 236 



Milk, reindeer and ovibos, 232 



Milkovo, 201 



Mill, H. R., 123, 254, 273 



Miller, D. H., biogr. and bibliogr. note, 

 234; Political rights in the Polar Re- 

 gions, 235-250 



Miller, G. S., 164, 366 



Miller, O. M., Air navigation methods 

 in the polar regions, 445, 456; biogr. 

 and bibliogr. note 



Minerals, Antarctic, 266; Arctic, 224; 

 conditions of working in the Arctic, 225 



Mining methods, 226 



Mirounga leonina, 356, 377 



Mongoloid types, 192 



Monroe Doctrine, 239, 240 



Morozov, H., 123 



Morrell, Benjamin, 256, 351, 352 



Morrell Land, 322 



Mosses, Antarctic, 344 



Mossman, R. C, 276, 280, 302 



Mosurr wood, 143 



Mountain cranberry, 143 



Moutonnee ice field, 114, 115 (ill.) 



Miiller, P., 57 



Multanovskii, B. P., 33 



Murphy, R. C, 366, 377; Antarctic 

 zoogeography and some of its prob- 

 lems, 355-379; biogr. and bibliogr. 

 note, 354 



Murray, Sir John, 133, 210, 279, 359, 

 362 ; Antarctic ocean life, 369 



Musk oxen, 182; domestication, 232; 

 habitat (map), 182; meat production 

 from, 230 



Nahivnoi ice, 95, 114, 125 



Nagromozhdenie, 126 



Nansen, Fridtjof, 8, 10, 11, 22, 35, 21 1; 

 biogr. and bibliogr. note, 2; earth 

 rotation and ice drift, 134; Fram 

 drift, 156; observations as to animal 

 life in polar waters, 2 19; Oceanographic 

 problems of the still unknown Arctic 

 Regions, 3-14 



Nares, Sir G. S., 64, 133, 135 



Narta, 203, 206 



Nathorst, A. G., 146, 147 



Navigation, Antarctic, 341; Cossacks, 

 202. See also Air navigation; Flying; 

 Ice navigation 



Neohalaena, 371 



Neptune, 63, 427, 435 



Neupokoev, K., 105 



New Siberian Islands, 3, 24, 50, 80, 

 138; as flying base, 388, 389; geology, 

 82, 84, 85; hummocks of ice off the 

 coast (ill.), 113; magnetic observations, 

 56; sea east of, 126 



New Siberian polynya, 139, 141 



New South Greenland, 322 



New Zealand, 260 



Newfoundland, arctic-alpine plants, 147 



Nicholas II Land. See Northern Land 



Niggerheads, 146, 404 



Nilsen, Mt., 320 



Nimrod Islands, 257 



Nobile, Umberto, 414; biogr. and 

 bibliogr. note, 418; Dirigible, The, 

 and polar exploration, 419-425 



Nome, 417 



Nordenskiold, A. E., 57, 147; blackfish, 

 description, 161 



Nordenskiold Sea, name, 126 



Nordenskjold, Otto, 260, 273, 275-276, 

 282, 283, 301; Antarctic tides, 279; 

 Antarctica, East and West, 259 



Norge, 414, 455; keel (with ill.), 414; at 

 Kings Bay (ills.), 413; nearing Alaska, 

 416; over pack ice and the pole, 415; 

 polar flight and fog, 422; radio signals, 

 451; results of flight and problems 

 to be solved, 424 



Norlund, Poul, 143 



Norse ruins, 143, 144 



North America, Arctic influences on 

 pressure movements, 40, 42-45 (maps) 

 North Atlantic Ocean, pressure as 

 related to ice conditions in Barents 

 Sea, 33, 34 (maps) 

 North European Sea, 3 

 North magnetic pole, location, 56 

 North polar continent, theory of ex- 

 istence of, 155 

 North Polar Sea, 7. See also Arctic Sea 

 North pole, areas around as four 

 political sectors, 247; as zoogeographi- 

 cal center, 155, 156; Norge over, 415 

 North Siberian continental shelf, tide 



observations, 21 (ill.), 22 

 Northern hemisphere, meteorological 



stations in poleward part (map), 46 

 Northern Land (Nicholas II Land), 

 4, 5, 80, 86, 127, 130, 241; as flying 

 base, 388, 389; geologically unknown 

 areas, 86 



