474 



POLAR PROBLEMS 



Plants, 227; Antarctic Continent, 363; 

 Antarctic and sub-Antarctic geo- 

 graphical provinces (map), 345; Ant- 

 arctic and sub-Antarctic life and 

 problems, 343; Antarctic problems, 

 348; Arctic, 71; Arctic, morphology, 

 145; Arctic dispersal, need of research, 

 145; circumpolar dispersal, 144; cul- 

 tivation of hardy Arctic species, 351; 

 laboratory work, 350; survival during 

 Ice Age, 146; transplantation experi- 

 ments, 152; unglaciated areas, 147; 

 water requirements of Arctic plants, 

 150. See also \^egetation 



Plateaus of the world compared with the 

 Antarctic Continent, 289 (map), 290 



Pleistocene, Antarctic ice cap and, 335; 

 Arctic America, 68 



Pliocene, migrants, 68 



Poa, 364 



Poa flabellata, 364 



Poddubnyi, L P., 190 



Podocarptis, 348 



Point Barrow, 127, 130, 133, 246; as 

 flying base, 388, 389; Norge's ap- 

 proach, 416; oil near, 225; tide, 18, 

 22, 23 



Polar bear, 157 



Polar contrasts, 70 



Polar culture, 189 



Polar fronts, 48; cold waves and, 31; 

 references on, 48; southern hemisphere, 

 298 



Polar hysteria, 192 



Polar lights, 58, 60 



Polar seas, mesothermic condition, 271 



Polar water, Antarctic, typical, 276 



Polaris, 135, 427, 432 



Polaris Promontory, 181 



Poles, contrast of north and south, 70; 

 scientific attack on, 337 



Political rights, 235; Antarctic, 247, 249 

 (map); legal aspects of the problem, 

 243 ; notification to other Powers, 243 



Polynyas, 102, 103, 114, 117, 125; 

 Arctic Pack and, 141; Asiatic and 

 American compared, 141 ; description 

 of the phenomenon, 137; Grant Land 

 and northern Greenland, 118, 119, 

 120; Great Siberian, 118, 120; regional 

 aspect, 117 



Ponds Inlet, 50, 238 



Pools in sea ice, 117 



Population of Eurasian Arctic, 198, 199 



Porsild, A. E., 150 



Porsild, M. P., 150 



Position finding in air navigation, 445; 

 example worked out, 450 (ill.), 45i; 

 gyroscopic methods, 450; magnetic 

 checks, 449 



Post-Tertiary time in Arctic Eurasia, 83 



Pourquoi-Pas?, 256, 301, 302 



Power resources, Antarctic, 266 



Pratt, E. M., 360 



Pre-Cambrian formations, Arctic Amer- 

 ica, 64 



Precipitation, Australia, fluctuation, 295, 

 296 (maps), 297; plant growth and, 

 227; polar regions, 36 



Pressure, 29; Antarctic, American quad- 

 rant, 303, 304, 305, 306, 312; Antarctic 

 correlations with south temperate 

 lands, 294, 295 (map); Antarctic 

 waves, 292, 293 (map); circumpolar 

 distribution on consecutive days, 46, 

 47 (maps) ; ice, solar radiation, and 

 pressure, interrelation, 33; North 

 America movements as influenced by 

 the Arctic; 40, 42-45 (maps); North 

 Atlantic, as related to ice conditions 

 in Barents Sea, 33, 34 (maps); north 

 pole, distribution across (with diagr.), 

 29; Polar Regions, 48; solar radiation 

 and, 33, 35 (maps) 



Priestley, R. E., 94, 121, 259,281; biogr. 

 and bibliogr. note, 314, 330; on fast- 

 . ice, 115; on pack ice, 109 



Priestley, R. E., and C. E. Tilley, 

 Geological problems of Antarctica, 

 315-328 



Priestley, R. E., and C. S. Wright, 

 Some ice problems of Antarctica, 



331-341 

 Prince Luitpold Land, 255, 261, 301 

 Prince of Wales, Cape, 417 

 Prince Patrick Island, 213 

 Pringlea antiscorbutica, 364 

 Priocella antarctica, 371 

 Prions, 373 



Projection for plotting flying course, 455 

 Promyshlennyi, 199, 201 

 Pronchishchev, Lieutenant, 126 

 Proteus, 431, 432 

 Pshenitsyn's explorations, 138 

 Ptarmigans, 145, 157, 164, 165 

 Punta Arenas, 303, 312; Salesian Fathers, 



302 

 Pygoscelis adeliae, 371, 372 

 Pygoscelis antarctica, 373 

 Pygoscelis papua, 373, 374 



Queen Mary Land, 255, 316; geology, 



317, 318 

 Queen Maud Range, 261, 316, 320, 325 

 Quervain, Alfred de, 55 

 Quest, 280 



Radio, 60; direction-finding by, in 



flying, 450, 451 

 Rafted ice floes, 114 



