78 HANDBOOK OF PHOTOGRAPHY 



All this shows the precision of manufacture, and the precision of maintenance 

 required, if the small camera is to produce 8- by 10-in. prints (8X enlargements) 

 that are satisfactory from the standpoint of detail. 



Sequence Cameras. — Several miniatures have optional accessory rapid-film 

 winders which shorten the time required to wind up a new film and to set the shutter. 

 The Robot camera has a built-in device which makes the exposure when the release 

 button is pushed, moves the film forward, and cocks the shutter when the release is 

 allowed to return to its normal position. When a strong spring is wound up by the 

 user, it is possible to make 24 exposures as fast as the release button can be pressed. 

 A sequence of exposures made with this camera resembles a series of frames made with 

 a motion-picture camera with the exception that each individual exposure may be 

 made in Hoo sec. Interchangeable lenses are available for the camera. 



Stereoscope Cameras. — Double-lens cnmeras for making stereoscopic exposures 

 are described in the chapter on Stereoscopic Photography. These cameras range in 

 price from $12 up to several hundred dollars. The simplest use ordinary roll film 

 and make individual pictures 2J^ by 2^:^ in. The higher priced units have reflex 

 focusing, use plates or film, and come in several sizes, usually 45 hy 107 mm. or 

 6 by 13 cm. 



Identification Cameras. — These cameras are for use in schools, etc., where a large 

 number of portraits are to be made for identification purposes. One type, listing at 

 about $100, holds 100 ft. of negative film, unperforated, giving 500 exposures \% in. 

 wide. The camera is operated 4 ft. from the subject and is fitted with an //3.5 lens. 

 Another type holds 200 ft. of film, taking 1000 individual exposures, and is fitted with 

 an //4.5 lens of good correction. Printing machines are available for this type of 

 camera. 



Certain 35-mm. cameras are available which hold enough film for 250 exposures; 

 these may be used for schools, etc., where a large number of negatives are to be made 

 without the bother of frequent change of film. 



Panorama Cameras. — Cameras of this type have means for revolving the camera 

 on the tripod so that it covers a field of view wide in relation to its height. Thus the 

 panorama camera is useful for covering large groups of people, as at conventions and 

 gatherings, large estates, mountain vistas, geological surveys, etc. In the Folmer 

 Graflex No. 10 Circuit panoi'ama camera, speeds varying from J-^ to J-i2 sec. are 

 available; the lens is a triple convertible with focal lengths of 10, 15}^, and 20 in. and 

 is equipped with a meter to indicate the amount of film used for any exposure, per- 

 mitting the determination of the amount of film left in the container. Film in 

 lengths up to 10 ft. and widths of 6, 8, and 10 in. is used. 



Recording Cameras and Projectors. — A valuable extension of the use of photo- 

 graphic equipment lies in the recording of documents, such as bank checks, books, 

 letters, etc. Devices for this purpose are really automatic cameras which make 

 the exposures as fast as the documents are fed into a hopper at one end. The operator 

 does not need to be an expert photographer. Banks may photograph up to 100 checks 

 per minute with the Recordak. The microfilm Recordak uses 35-mm. fine-grain film 

 and is adapted to the use of libraries, companies wishing to record blueprints, etc. 



Projection machines are furnished for viewing the photographed records. Recor- 

 daks are supplied on a rental basis; library-type projectors are sold to the user. 



CAMERA ADJUSTMENTS 



With the exception of the fixed-focus cameras of exceeding simplicity, all cameras 

 have certain adj\istments which increase their versatility. These adjustments are 

 listed below. 



