TONING 457 



will cause blistering and frilling, and a cold bath not only slows up the toning action 

 Imt tends to produce cold purplish tones. Prints should be agitated constantly while 

 toning to prevent them from sticking together and toning unevenly. 



As this method does not work progressively but carries the toning to completion 

 and then stops, the prints should be left in long enough to insure complete toning. 



Hypo-altjm Toner 

 This toner is recommended for beautiful reddish-brown tones. 



Solution A 



Water 2350 cc. 80 oz. 



Hypo 4.50 g. 16 oz. 



Solution B 



Water 30 cc. 1 oz. 



Silver nitrate H-4 g. 20 gr. 



Solution C 



Water 30 cc. 1 oz. 



Potassium iodide 2J.2 g. 40 gr. 



Add solution B to solution A. Then add solution C to the mixture. Finally add 

 105 g. (3,H oz.) of potassium alum to this solution, and heat the entire bath to the 

 boiling point, or until sulphurization takes place (indicated by a milky appearance of 

 the solution). Tone prints 20 to 60 min. in this bath at 110 to 125°F. (43 to 52°C.). 

 Agitate prints occasionally until toning is complete. 



Hypo-alum Gold Sepia Method. — A toner which yields even more beautiful sepias 

 than the hypo-alum is made by adding a soluble gold salt to a solution which is made 

 up of hypo-alum and a ripener. Gold chloride or gold sodium chloride is used. 

 When the print is placed in this gold solution, the silver will replace the metal in 

 solution, and the gold will be deposited in place of the silver. It is necessary for a good 

 tone that this gold deposit be rapid. This bath must be kept alkaline, a condition 

 which is accomplished by the addition of sodium phosphate. A definite test for this 

 alkaUnity is the use of red litmus paper which turns blue in an alkaline solution. 



Hypo-alum Gold Toner 



Solution A 



(1) Boiling water (distilled) 4000 cc. 128 oz. 



Hypo 450 g. 16 oz. 



Alum potassi\im 56 g. 2 oz. 



Boil the above 2 or 3 min., allow it to cool and then add 



Sodium phosphate 56 g. 2 oz. 



Test the resulting solution with red litmus paper. If the litmus paper does not turn 

 blue within 1 min., heat bath again, and add sodium phosphate in 2-oz. (56-g.) quan- 

 tities until the bath has become slightly alkaline. Then dissolve 



(2) Silver nitrate 4 g. 60 gr. 



Water .30 cc. 1 oz. 



Potassium bromide 8 g. 1 20 gr. 



Water 30 cc. 1 oz. 



Separate solutions are made of the silver and bromide, each dissolved in 1 oz. (30 cc.) 

 of water. The bromide solution is poured into the silver solution. The resulting 

 mixture, precipitate and all, is then added to the hypo-alum bath after the latter has 

 thoroughly cooled. 



