TONING 465 



various dyes may be mixed to obtain almost any color desired; although some dyes 

 have a tendency to precipitate out in the presence of one another. 



There are several points which have been mentioned in this chapter that are impor- 

 tant enough to be repeated. As the original black-and-white print plays such an 

 important part> in the final toned print, it is necessary that the art of producing good 

 prints be mastered before venturing into the field of toning. 



After selecting the papers to be used, it is good practice to follow carefully the 

 manufacturer's directions as to developers, developing time, and general procedure. 

 These recommendations are based on the results of long and painstaking research and 

 constitute the best methods available for the particular paper. 



All photographic processes, including toning, are chemical by nature; therefore, 

 neatness, cleanliness, and accuracy are necessary at all times. Clean, orderly work- 

 rooms, clean utensils, care and accuracy in mixing all solutions, and a rigid adherence 

 to all instructions are a requisite for satisfactory results. 



The photographer who likes to experiment will find that these formulas provide a 

 basis for many interesting trials. Many interesting and unusual I'esults may be 

 obtained which will compensate for the time and trouble. However, if we may be 

 allowed to repeat, master the fundamentals first. 



Bibliography 



Periodicals: 



Power, H. D'Abcy: Chemical Control and Modification of Bromide Prints, Am. Ann. Phot., 23, 93 



(1909). 

 Zehbe, William H.: Even Toning with the Cold Hypo Alum Bath, Am. Ann. Phot., 33, 122-123 (1919). 

 De Saullbs, R. H.: Green Tones on Bromide Paper, Brit. J. Phot., 70, 705 (1923). 

 LuMiERE, A., L. LuMiEHE, and Seybwetz, A.: Discoloration of the Whites in Sepia Toning, Brit. J. 



Phot., 70, 732-733 (1923). 

 Shaw, W. B.: An Improved Method of Nitro-sulphide Toning, Brit. J. Phot., 70, 759-760 (1923). 

 Underberg, G.: Experiments in Sulphur Toning, Brit. J. Phot., 71, 50-52 (1924). 

 Seyewetz, a.: A Review of Dye Toning Processes, Brit. .1 . Phot., 71, 611-614 (1924). 

 Formstecher, F.: The Principles of Toning with the Noble Metals, Camera, 3, 100-103 (1924;. 

 Wall, E. J.: Sulphide Toning I and II, Am. Phot., 21, 620-628 (1927); 22, 22-34 (1928). 

 Crabtree, J. I., and Ives, C. E.: Dye Toning with Single Solutions, Am. Phot., 22, 656-665 (1928). 

 Steigmann, a.: Toning and Intensification of Selenium Toned Prints and Negatives, Phot. Tnd., 26, 



902 (1928). 

 Wiegleb, p.: Methods of Sulphite Toning, Brit. J. Phot., 76, 344, 363, 375 (1929). 

 Milbauer, J.: Selenium Toning, Phot. Korr., 66, 10, 45 (1929). 



.Jarman, a. J.: Improving the Color of Prints by Toning with Gold, Am. Phot., 24, 584 (1930). 

 Bennett, Henry W.: Uniformity in Sulphide Toning, Am. Phot., 26, 132-138 (1932). 

 .Jelley, Edwin E.: Cause of Yellowness in Sepia Toning, Phot. ./., 72, 480-485 (1932). 

 Nietz, H.: Paper, Developer and Bleach in Sulphide Toning, Brit. J. Phot., 79, 486 (1932). 

 Houben, L.: Uses of Thiourea in Photography, Photo Rev., 45, 179-180, 199-200 (1933). 

 Morris, O. J.: Stains in Sulphide Toning, Brit. J. Phot., 80, 127-128 (1935). 

 Backstbom, Helmer, and Arthur Bostrom: The Influence of the Bleaching Bath on the Colour 



Obtained in the Indirect Sulphide Toning Process, Phot. J., 76, 607 (1936). 

 Bassett, Ivor: Print Toning with Potassium Ethyl Xanthate, Camera (Phila.), 64, 217-226 (1937). 

 NicKOLAUS, J. M.: Toning Film by Machine Methods, /. Soc. Motion Picture Engrs., 29, 65-67 (1937). 

 Fassbender, Adolph: Blue Toning, Am. Phot., 32, 638 (1938). 

 Waddell, J. H.: Toning Prints and Transparencies, Photo Technique, 1, 35, (1939). 



Books: 



Fhaprie, Frank R.: "How to Make Prints in Color," Am. Photographic Pub. (1921). 



Blumann, Sigismund: Toning, "Photographic Handbook," pp. 75-89, Photo-Art Publisher, (1935). 



"Ilford Manual," pp. 2.34-244, Ilford, Ltd. Toning. 



"Tinting and Toning of Eastman Positive Motion Picture Film," Eastman Kodak Company. 



Glover, Dr. B. T. J.: "Lantern Slides," British Periodicals, Ltd. 



Wheeler, Capt. Owen: "Photographic Printing Processes," Am. Phot. Publ. Co. 



British Journal & Almanac. 



