476 HANDBOOK OF PHOTOGRAPHY 



At the expiration of the 3 min., the tissue is lifted from the sensitizer, is drained for 

 15 sec, and is then placed in the control bath. 



Use of the Control Bath. — The control bath governs the depth of color in the final 

 print; a long immersion results in a soft high-keyed carbro, whereas shorter immersion 

 gives a stronger, deeper print. Thus it is possible to secure very widely varying 

 results from any given bromide print; there is doubtless a limit to the control which is 

 possible by this means, but the writer has secured a carbro which was hardly more 

 than a ghost of a print from a decidedly heavv bromide and a strong carbro from a very 

 weak silver print. Hence the time of immersion in the control bath may vary 

 between 5 and 90 sec; probably a satisfactory time for average results will be in the 

 neighborhood of 15 or 20 sec 



When the tissue has had the proper time in the control bath, it is lifted out and, 

 without draining, is squeegeed down on the bromide print. 



Squeegeeing. — The bromide print should have been soaked for from 15 min. to 

 J-2 hr. in water at room temperature, as described for the transfer paper in the section 

 on Carbon Printing. It is then laid face up on a sheet of glass, the sensitized and con- 

 trolled tissue is laid on it, and the two are squeegeed together as in carbon printing. 



A caution is necessary at this point. The tissue must be carefully lowered on the 

 bromide print and must be held firmly in place while squeegeeing goes on; it must not 

 slip. Slight slipping does no harm in carbon printing, but in carbro, since insolubili- 

 zation liegins as soon as the tissue and this bromide print are in contact, any slipping 

 inevitably means a double image in the final print. 



If the transfer method is to be used, squeegeeing should not be so firm or so long 

 continued as in carbon work; it is merely necessary to secure definite contact between 

 the tissue and the bromide. If the nontransfer method is preferred, then squeegeeing 

 should be as firm as in carbon work. 



When squeegeeing is completed, the bromide print, with its adhering carbon tissue, 

 is placed under pressure and left for at least 15 min. At this point there is a slight 

 difference of opinion among carbro workers as to whether waxed paper or blotting 

 paper should be placed over the adhering print; the writer's preference is to use waxed 

 paper and light pressure in the transfer method and blotting paper with heavy pressure 

 if nontransfer is being used. 



Transfer Method. — At the expiration of 15 min. or so (slightly longer will do no 

 harm), the carbon tissue is peeled from the bromide print and is squeegeed down on a 

 piece of previously soaked single transfer paper. Here it is left under pressure, then 

 stripped and developed as in carbon printing. If a hard-surfaced bromide paper has 

 been used and squeegeeing has not been excessive, the tissue will peel from the bromide 

 print with only a moderate use of force; if it does not strip easilj^, soaking in cold water 

 may loosen it, but care should be taken not to use violence enough to cause 

 tearing. 



If the carbon tissue, after stripping from the bromide print, is immediately 

 squeegeed to the transfer paper, as is usually recommended, it will very likely fail to 

 adhere properly, so that the gelatin will frill or even tear badly when the backing paper 

 is stripped off for development. This trouble may be entirely avoided if, instead of 

 being transferred at once, the carbon tissue is rinsed in several changes of water to 

 remove the sensitizer, is then dried, and when dry is transferred as described for single 

 transfer in the section on carbon printing. 



When the transfer method is used it will very likely be found that there is a slight 

 loss in print quality; some of the more delicate gradations are not rendered so beauti- 

 fully as in the nontransfer method. For this reason, as well as on account of its 

 greater ease and certainty, the writer prefers to work by the nontransfer process 

 whenever it is at all possible to do so. 



