11 



The Council Secretariat lias begun study of long-range needs and 

 steps for their prompt achievement. To use the best talent this coun- 

 try has to offer, a number of small contracts has also been awarded. 

 Problem areas being studied include : 



1. Fishing technology. — Will technical and econoniic problems of 

 the fishing industry yield to systems analysis to illuminate directions 

 for strengthening the existing industry? What elements in the entire 

 fishing cycle can be modified to provide the greatest return for the re- 

 search dollar ? 



2. Aquiculture. — What existing practices, worldwide, have proven 

 successful, and what research and engineering are needed to advance 

 such activities in the United States and abroad ? 



3. Space observations. — How may special capabilities of orbiting 

 spacecraft be employed to enhance observation of marine phenomena 

 to aid precise navigation and location, and to interrogate sensors 

 mounted on buoys and other platforms ? 



4. Harbor development. — What are the technical, economic, po- 

 litical, and sociological problems which plague harbor and port de- 

 velopment, and for which marine science and technology might provide 

 solutions? 



5. Multiple use of the shoreline. — ^Wliat are the current and projected 

 patterns of land use along our estuaries, coasts, and Great Lakes? 

 How do these conflict ? What technological and legal steps will provide 

 optimum employment of scarce land and water resources? 



6. Projected resource supply and demand. — ^What is our current 

 inventor}' of the offshore resources on our Continental Shelves ? What 

 gaps in the inventory warrant intensive mapping? Wliat are the 

 differences in costs of solid mineral, oil, and gas recovery onshore 

 versus offshore and what technological factors account for the differ- 

 ences in costs? Which areas would yield to intensified research, and 

 who should do it? 



7. Hazards. — ^^Vliat are the hazards to safety of life and to property 

 from offshore operations, from shipping, from oil and mineral ex- 

 ploitation ? What steps should be taken to provide standards, regula- 

 tions, and enforcement in the public interest? 



8. Transfer of technology. — How can applications of space tech- 

 nology and other advanced technologies to marine science activities be 

 accelerated in regard to sensors, compact powerplants, metallurgy 

 and materials, microminiaturization, and knowledge of human 

 behavior and physiology under conctitions of stress? 



9. Incentives for private investment. — ^What mechanisms of the Fed- 

 eral Government have been employed in the past to encourage private 

 investment in the public interest ? How have they succeeded or failed ? 

 Which are needed to accelerate marine development ? 



10. Basic research and manpower., finally., and very importantly — 

 What are the long-range manpower needs in marine sciences? What 

 training and educational facilities are needed, onshore and at sea? 

 "\'Vliat special fellowships are required to accommodate those who wish 

 to switch fields at a graduate level? What are the long-term needs of 

 our Nation's oceanographic research laboratories, and what immediate 

 steps are required to assure continued U.S. leadership in this area and 

 to provide a sound base for applied research and development ? 



Before concluding, I should like to review very briefly how the 

 Council operates as a board of advisers to develop recommendations 



