182 



Academy of Sciences report entitled, "Oceanography 1960 to 1970" states "Many 

 lines of marine researcli depend upon precise definition of species. Tlie study 

 of species is centered in researcli museums which generally have been supported 

 very poorly. It is recommended that established museums having significant 

 study collections be given financial support so that this kind of work can be 

 carried forward." 



In December 1962 an advisory committee consisting of scientists from uni- 

 versities, private oceanographic groups and government agencies (chaired 

 by Dr. Milner B. Schaefer, now Science Advisor to the Secretary of the In- 

 terior) met to review the role of the Smithsonian in the National Oceanography 

 Program, and in their January 2, 1963, report concluded : 



"The responsibility of the Smithsonian Institution to the National Oceano- 

 graphic Program should be, in consultation with other appropriate agencies, 

 to carry out, or arrange for, the preservation and study of collections of ma- 

 terials made by Federal agencies, and of other collections which may be re- 

 ferred to the Institution. These will include both biological and geological ma- 

 terials, but will not ordinarily include water samples. Collections made by 

 other Federal agencies for their own research programs should come to the 

 Institution when no longer needed for investigations in progress." 



"Collections will come from three sources : 



(1) From the routine collections made as part of the world ocean survey. 



(2) From research cruises and expeditions of other agencies. Inasmuch as 

 a large part of such collections will be made for specific research objectives 

 of other agencies, they will, in general be studied by them before permanent 

 transfer to the Smithsonian. Other collections may be deposited immediately 

 with the Smithsonian, at the discretion of the collecting agency. 



(3) Collections by personnel of the Institution, either aboard ships operated 

 by others, or from vessels operated by the Institution. The latter should pri- 

 marily be to fill in gaps in knowledge not otherwise properly obtainable. 



"With regard to collections made under (1) and (2), the Institution, should, 

 when feasible, participate in the planning of the operations, and, where its 

 own personnel are not aboard to act or advise in collecting operations, should 

 provide instruction for proper handling and preservation of collections, so that 

 they will be of maximal scientific value. 



"The Institution should continue its policy of employing and supporting 

 specialists in other institutions, especially where the work to be done is such 

 as to require only part-time effort. 



"Adequate study of some materials collected by the oceanographic program 

 will require study of related materials from freshwater and land." 



"The responsibilities of the Smithsonian Institution in relation to the National 

 Oceanographic Program, will require large increases in its oceanographic budget. 

 During the next decade its professional stafE for the oceanographic program 

 should increase by about 125 people, with at least an equal number of technical 

 assistants, and necessary clerical and other supporting services. For salaries, 

 expenses, supplies, and normal equipment for their support the annual budget 

 (in 1962 dollars) at this level would be about $4 x 10*. Capital investment for 

 construction of space to house these people and the collections, and for space 

 for visiting investigators, and for special equipment will amount to about $3 x 10* 

 to $5 X 10°, depending on whether new or converted structures are utilized. 



"Funds will also be required for vessel charter, for special collections by 

 the Museum staff, for support of contracts with other institutions, for investi- 

 gations at other museums (both foreign and domestic), for scholarships and 

 fellowships, and for the sorting center. Such funding would be in addition to 

 i"hG smoiiiits sii*''£rcstGd." 



In their 1965 report, "Industry and the Ocean, Continental Shelf," the Ocean 

 Science and Technology Advsiory Committee of the National Security Industrial 

 Association recommended that: "The Smithsonian Institution should be re- 

 sponsible for the processing, storage, and distribution of all geological, biological, 

 specimens resulting from the National Oceanographic Program." 



A report, "Effective Use of the Sea," was issued in June 1966, by the Panel 

 of Oceanography of the President's Science Advisory Committee. It makes the 

 following statements: 



"Recommendations with regard to marine biology affect both the long-range 

 goal of increasing marine food resources and preserving the near-shore en- 

 vironment. Specific recommendations are: 



