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Dr. Galler. I consider it to be one of the underlying problems con- 

 fronting marine biologists in the United States today. 



Mr. Edwards. What do you see as the answer to encouraging young 

 men and women to go into this field or accept this type of training? 



Dr. Galler. Several things, Mr. Edwards. 



One, improved job opportunities. It is well to note as the need for 

 taxonomic information increases, the opportunity for placing persons 

 with taxonomic training has been decreasing. Prior to World War II 

 some of the most important marine biological collections resided not 

 in museums but in universities, but with the advent of molecular 

 biology and some of the more exciting modern fields of endeavor, the 

 universities readjusted their thinking and their training and teaching 

 programs and, instead of expanding their collections and expanding 

 their training of taxonomists, they retrenched and the collections were 

 shipped to the Smithsonian or a few of the other major museums 

 throughout the country, the departments of biological sciences shifted 

 their emphasis- so that the classic taxonomist was no longer considered 

 to be important. Rather, they were trying to get molecular biologists, 

 biochemists, physiologists, et cetera. So, I believe improved job op- 

 portunities is one. 



Secondly, I do believe that within taxonomy itself there is a revitali- 

 zation that is badly needed. Taxonomy until very recently has been 

 largely a study of the outside morphology of the animal, the number 

 of bumps, the number of appendages, et cetera. We find now this 

 kind of taxonomy does not in itself suffice to give us all of the informa- 

 tion we need. We need to make use of the tools of modern biochemistry, 

 of modern biology. We need to know more about the animal in his 

 living state, not just in a jar on a shelf. 



So I think that the field of taxonomy itself is undergoing a change 

 which will make it more exciting and more enticing for bright 

 youngsters. 



Mr. Edwards. Do you feel it is essential to research that will be 

 necessary in the field of oceanography to entice more young people 

 into this field for them to do an adequate job ? 



Dr. Galler. Yes, sir ; an imperative need. 



Mr. Edwards. In a lighter vein, how is the raising of the Tec^ion^seh 

 coming along? Does that fall in the field of oceanography? 



Dr. Galler. I am not sure if it is part of oceanography, but I am 

 very please to say I have a report from Col. John H. Magruder, it 

 is coming along very nicely and the problem now is to determinate 

 whether a coffer dam is going to be built around the Tecumseh or some 

 other means is going to be used for hauling it up. 



It is not only a matter of mechanically bringing it up, again it has 

 to be done in a very scholarly way so our archeologists and historians 

 can see just how everything was at the time of the occurrence. 



Mr. Edwards. And you are going to leave it in Mobile, are you not? 



Dr. Galler. Sir, I have no comment on that. 



Mr. Edwards. Thank you. 



Mr. Rogers. What plan is being made for scholarships to encourage 

 young people to enter these fields where the supply is short? 



Dr. Galler. I think, Mr. Chairman, that the National Science Foun- 

 dation, or at least parts of the National Science Foundation are aware 

 of the need to encourage the training of taxonomists. 



