330 



ordinative mechanism among three of the panels that sit formally, 

 so that we can extract from the discussions on engineering, on edu- 

 cation, and on research, the implications of the panels' requirements 

 for facilities. We think this will be a better way to be sure we are 

 keeping track of facilities requirements than by having a completely 

 independent facilities panel. 



Mr. Chairman, that completes the formal discussion that I had pro- 

 posed to make on the overview of the Federal activities. At your 

 pleasure we can discuss that or I can proceed to a few comments on 

 the Navy's position in the program. 



Mr. Lennon. I think we would like to have those comments at this 

 time before we start the questioning. 



Dr. Frosch. Fine ; thank you Mr. Chairman. 



The Navy's principal responsibility and concern in the national 

 oceanographic program is, of course, to do that work in marine sci- 

 ences and engineering that will enable it to support and maintain its 

 responsibilities for the national security and for the naval force at sea. 



As an automatic consequence of the requirements for doing that, 

 the Navy has been a major supporter and, in fact I think by actual 

 proportion, the major supporter of oceanographic science and marine 

 technology in the United States, because our requirements for this 

 kind of knowledge and this kind of technology have been so great 

 for naval purposes. 



Approximately two-thirds of the total naval work in this field is 

 regarded as unclassified science and technology and is, hence, auto- 

 matically available to the rest of the national community. Federal and 

 private. 



In the portion which is classified, it is normally classified in two 

 senses: One, classified at the time at which the work is being done, 

 and two, the military consequences are normally classified. But, a 

 proportion of what is developed in the classified program after some 

 time lag normally finds its way into the general body of unclassified 

 technology as pure engineering, or into the general body of scientific 

 knowledge as pure scientific knowledge. 



We try to hold back as classified only those matters that have quite 

 clear and direct bearing on military problems or military operations. 

 We are reasonably careful with this, and I believe we have been able 

 to extract from the classified work good benefits for the unclassified 

 side of the house without in any way damaging or endangering our 

 security responsibilities. 



The overall proportion of the Navy's support in the national marine 

 science program has generally been about 50 or 60 percent, and it is 

 that at the present time. Of course, as a matter of historical interest, 

 in the late forties and throughout most of the fifties, it was Navy sup- 

 port, principally through the Office of Naval Research, that played 

 a major role in building up the academic as well as a good deal of 

 the Government capability in this area. 



A secondary responsibility and role for the Navy, secondary only to 

 our national security responsibility, is the use of capabilities that 

 we have built up in our national security program specifically to pro- 

 vide support for other agencies of the Federal Government and for 

 other sectors in their responsibilities in marine sciences. 



