401 



I am not picking on Korea. I could name other nations. However, 

 I hope you are changing your focus so as to assure that you are aiding 

 the domestic food problem of such nations and not their export 

 capabilities. 



Mr. Waters. This change in our total policy sta,rted at the first of 

 the year and has redirected to a considerable extent this year's pro- 

 gram, and will be more so in next year's program. All of our guide- 

 lines and instructions are in the direction of the encouragement of 

 products that can be handled internally for wider distribution where, 

 as in the back country of Korea, for example, they lack the refrigera- 

 tion facilities for fresh fish products. The development of new forms 

 of products and new types of food that can be widely accepted in their 

 country will make for a greater use of their own fish catch rather than 

 for export earnings alone. We are changing the direction to try to 

 encourage the raising of the quality of the food as well as the quantity 

 of food available within the recipient countries. 



I must say there has been an awakening in most of the developing 

 countries that they themselves have to come to grips with this problem. 

 They all started out to be big export earners. 



Mr. Pelly. Russia today is perhaps the largest fishing country in 

 the world. I do not know how much fish protein concentrate it exports 

 but it must be substantial. 



As far as I can see, you are not directing your program with regard 

 to protecting American interests as conservation goes. You provide, 

 for example, freezer equipment, fishmg vessels, and technical know- 

 how, all of which seem to be employed so as to work against our own 

 conservation efforts. 



I mentioned the Koreans. They now want to come over and fish 

 in resources which in the past we have looked to ourselves. Yet, we 

 have to conserve those same resources because they are being destroyed 

 by overfishing. 



Mr. Pollock. Would the gentleman yield ? This is a point of great 

 concern to us. Not only has South Korea gone from seventh place to 

 fifth in the last 10 years in world fishery production, they are now 

 about to go past us. Not only are they coming into our waters and 

 taking our fish, which affects our fishermen, but they are selling in our 

 markets here, not using it at all for food consumption in the countries 

 we are trying to help. 



I would like to know, if I could — I am sure Mr. Pelly would — how 

 specifically you are directing them. What is it you are doing to direct 

 them to utilize our taxpayers' money to finance ships that feed their 

 people out of resources of their own ? 



Mr. Pellt. You have stated that $3 million will be loaned this year 

 to Korean fishing cooperatives for the purchase of modern equipment, 

 including refrigerator ships and deep sea trawlers. I would like to 

 know how much of that equipment will be employed in competition 

 with the American fisherman and in taking our fishery resources. 



Mr. Waters. I think I can assure you that in the Korea negotiations, 

 the emphasis is entirely now on upgrading their consumption of fish 

 products within their own country. The leverage we have is not just 

 our aid to fishing activities; we use our total AID program discus- 

 sions with Korea, on reorienting Avhat they are doing for their own 



