428 



One of the significant acts of the FDA during this past year was to approve fish 

 protein concentrate, or FPG, as a food additive when produced from hake-like 

 fishes under certain designated processes. Applications for approval of other 

 processes for producing FPC are likely, and FDA will continue to focus on any 

 health problems associated with them. 



As is the case with FDA and NIH, the programs of the Office of Education are 

 not directed specifically toward the encouragement of marine science or marine 

 science education, with a single exception. In the wide range of programs admin- 

 istered by the Office of Education are various ones supporting education in the 

 marine sciences along with other sciences and other fields of learning. Scholars 

 and institutions seeking support from OE in the marine sciences will find assist- 

 ance based upon the quality of their proposals and activities. 



The single exception referred to above is the program specially authorized 

 for training in occupations in the maritime and fishing industry under the 

 George-Barden Act. 



Other programs under which support has been provided for marine science 

 and engineering are the following : 



Graduate fellowships under Title IV of the National Defense Education 

 Act to prepare for teaching careers in colleges and universities. In fiscal 

 year 1968, 49 fellows are being supported in oceanography, marine science, 

 and marine engineering. 



Grants for supplementary education centers and services under Title III 

 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. These grants aimed at 

 stimulating and assisting in the development of exemplary elementary and 

 secondary school model programs currently include 8 projects in marine 

 science education. 



Grants and loans for construction of undergraduate and graduate academic 

 facilities luider the Higher Education Facilities Act. 



Support for educational research, surveys, demonstrations, and dissemina- 

 tion of information derived from educational research under Title IV of 

 the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. 



Financial assistance in acquiring special equipment under Title VI-A of 



the Higher Education Act. 



Although support under the foregoing authorities for marine science — as^ 



distinct from other educational fields — is sometimes hard to identify, and indeed 



a small part of overall programs, it is important to keep in mind that these 



resources are available. 



As I mentioned earlier, I would like to discuss in somewhat more detail 

 current activities in marine toxicology and pharmacology. An Ad Hoc Com- 

 mittee on Marine Toxicology and Pharmcology was formed last May at the 

 instance of the Marine Science Council. It currently has members from a number 

 of agencies outside this Department — the National Academy of Sciences, Agenc.v 

 for International Development, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, and National 

 Science Foundation— as well as from the National Institutes of Health and the 

 Bureau of Disease Prevention and Environmental Control. I am the current 

 chairman. Although this Committee originally had a limited charter and tenure, 

 it is broadening the subject matter of its interests and its activities and becom- 

 ing more or less permanent. We anticipate a useful role in identifying needs and 

 opportunities for research in marine pharmacology and toxicology, in stimulating 

 and encouraging research in the organizations represented by our members, and 

 generally in providing a focal point for information on the Government's activi- 

 ties in marine pharmacology and toxicology. 



One major stimulus to effort on marine toxins is the current development of 

 fish protein concentrate. Although marine toxins are not found in the hake-like 

 fishes from which FPC will first be produced in this country, we must anticipate 

 that the projected increase in world population and the anticipated deficiency of 

 protein sources will lead eventually to consideration of FPC production from fish 

 catches made in tropical waters in which toxins will sometimes be found. Thus, 

 several types of research relating to these toxins can properly claim our attention 

 today, to preclude any possibility of human toxification from FPC when the 

 process of production is exploited more widely. Apart from FPC, we must also 

 expect greater use of unprocessed fish in all parts of the world as the nee<d for 

 protein becomes more acute. 



We foresee the following elements in marine blotoxin research : 



Acquisition and analysis of research results up to the present, in Japan 

 and other foreign countries as well as in the United States. 



