NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 7 
In turning now to the program in oceanography and the manner in 
which its development and coordination have been carried out through 
the Council, I should recall a very brief history. 
In 1959 a broad study undertaken by the National Academy of Sci- 
ences at the request of a number of Federal agencies was set forth in 
a report entitled “Oceanography, 1960-70.” The study recommended 
doubling of the then annual effort of about $35 million over a period 
of about 10 years. Senate Resolution 1386 unanimously supported these 
recommendations to expand oceanography and the first of a series of 
bills was introduced in both the House and the Senate to strengthen 
Government-wide planning and coordination. In 1959, soon after its 
own establishment, the Federal Council appointed an Interagency 
Committee for Oceanography which has since been the primary mecha- 
nism for basic program planning. 
In the spring of 1961, President Kennedy sent a special budget mes- 
sage to the Congress calling for a step increase In oceanographic fund- 
ing, partly to accelerate a new ship construction program and training 
of manpower. That year, too, the Council released its first annual re- 
port on oceanography setting forth an integrated program and budget. 
Such a report has been developed and made available to the Congress 
each year since, and I will subsequently discuss the manner in which 
these reports are developed in more detail. 
I think the members of this committee have seen the pink report 
that the chairman alluded to which analyzes the 1965 program in 
oceanography. 
LONG-RANGE PLANS 
Last summer a long-range, 10-year plan was developed to provide 
a broad perspective for an effective and expanded scientific study of 
the sea, set forth in this green report which I believe you have also seen. 
Research objectives were identified, the relation of these objectives 
to the national welfare was discussed, and estimates were made of the 
funds, facilities, and manpower needed for their accomplishment. 
Reviewed, endorsed, and published by the Federal Council, this plan 
has served to illuminate the relationship between the agency programs 
and the general goals. The long-range plan was formally transmitted 
to the Congress July 26, 1963. 
The 10-year plan represents the best judgment of Federal officials 
as to the size and internal priorities of the agencies’ research programs. 
It is a view of a landscape at one point in time. As our understanding 
grows and the landscape is seen more clearly, more detailed plans 
must be made and the previous plans revised. Consequently, one of 
the first projects that I expect to assign to the ICO next year is the 
development of a new long-range plan that takes into account the ex- 
perience we have gained and profits from it. 
THE FISCAL YEAR 1965 OCEANOGRAPHIC BUDGET PROPOSALS 
The development of the annual program in oceanography is the 
specific responsibility of the Interagency Committee on Oceanography, 
and I shall indicate briefly the steps which the Interagency Committee 
follows each year in preparing the program. 
