NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 9 
by several committees of Congress; in this process the coherence of 
the program may not be visible to the separate committees, and the 
integrity of the program may be weakened when some parts of it are 
cut without regard to the effect on the whole. I believe that this 1s one 
of the important problems which Congress and the Executive jointly- 
face in attempting to create and execute wise policy In managing pro- 
grams which extend through many agencies. : 
May I note, incidentally, that although the overall growth rate has- 
been slowed, this level of support more than meets the targets initially 
set by the National Academy of Sciences in their report of 1958. It 
is also consistent with the 1960 study conducted by the House Science 
and Astronautics Committee which indicated that to meet the goals. 
which the Congress then felt significant, the program over the decade: 
of the 1960’s should increase by a factor of about 4. 
In assessing where we stand in oceanography, it is important to’ 
note that if the Congress acts favorably on the fiscal 1965 prograriz, 
the Federal Government will have invested $134 million in new ships 
over the previous 5-year period. For the first time in this Nation’s 
history we shall have a fleet explicitly designed for oceanographic re- 
search and surveys. We will also have invested $38 million in new 
shore facilities. | 
Most important, in 5 years, the annual support for research will 
have grown by almost a factor of 3. 
These funds, to be sure, are not a large fraction of the Federal 
research and development budget, but their size and rate of growth 
must be measured in terms of the exceedingly small nucleus of activity 
from which this whole enterprise began. The capabilities of Govern- 
ment, university, and industrial laboratories have so increased that the 
world leadership which the United States has demonstrated in many 
fields of science 1s also sustained in oceanography. 
Neither dollars nor numbers of ships are the proper yardstick of 
progress, however, rather, what matters are the scientific and en- 
gineering accomplishments in the oceans, but I will leave description 
of some of the exciting new discoveries and prospects resulting from 
this research to the panel chairmen of the ICO. 
I know also that the Congress is interested in the quality of its 
management. I believe that the efforts of the Federal Council and the 
ICO to plan wisely, to develop balance of support between fields, to 
assess the relative emphasis to be given research, ships, and manpower, 
and to take steps to minimize duplication of effort, help to insure that 
the funds which the Congress has appropriated are prudently used. 
Federal support of science is motivated because in the long or short 
run, science serves mankind. What will be discovered and how such 
discoveries will contribute to our national welfare is often unforeseen. 
I should like to assure this committee of the determination of the ad- 
ministration to support scientific research and to make as sure as is: 
possible that we are working with maximum effectiveness on the most 
important problems. We can then hope to meet new challenges as they 
arise with confidence and wisdom. 
Mr. Chairman, I will be glad to answer questions. 
Mr. Lennon. Thank you, Doctor. 
Mr. Pelly? 
