16 NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 
Dr. Hornig, in the previous sentence you refer to the informal ar- 
rangements, scientist-to-scientist communication which fosters this 
opportunity. 
Are there available also more formal arrangements? Is there any 
international formal machinery by which this remarkable opportunity 
might be exploited further ? 
Dr. Hornic. Well, there are a variety of arrangements. There is a 
joint Indian Ocean Expedition, for example, which has been going 
on for 38 years; there is a tropical Atlantic survey which is a multi- 
nation survey; UNESCO has an International Oceanographic Com- 
mission which fosters cooperation in this area. 
Mr. Mosuer. Do you feel that this country is taking the initiative 
and leadership to the greatest extent possible to encourage this type of 
mechanism ? 
Dr. Hornie. I think we have done quite well. We continue to look 
for newer and better ways to help both ourselves and others by pooling 
efforts. When you say “the greatest possible,” these are strong words. 
Mr. Mosuer. Yes. 
Dr. Hornie. I think we can always do better than we are doing. 
Mr. Mosuer. Well, in general, do we get a cooperative response? 
Just to be specific, for instance, what about the Russians, our greatest 
rivals in many world activities; are there cooperative arrangements in 
these areas with the Russians ? 
Dr. Hornic. The answer is “Yes”; and I think this has been a fairly 
model area, as many of the geophysical sciences have been. The Rus- 
sians have participated in the Indian Ocean Expedition, they have had 
research vessels in the Indian Ocean. J think some of the people—you 
might return to this question—some of the people who are working 
more closely and immediately in oceanography can be more specific 
than I have been. 
To the best of my knowledge they have participated actively and 
willingly in these international arrangements. 
Mr. Mosner. And this legislation that reposes in the Senate, al- 
though it is not directed immediately to this international activity, it 
would lay a better basis, would it not, for our participation in it? 
Dr. Hornie. I think so. 
Mr. Mosuer. That is all, Mr. Chairman. 
Mr. Lennon. Thank you, Mr. Mosher. 
Mr. Gilbert ? 
Mr. Gitpert. I have no questions, Mr. Chairman. I merely wish to 
thank the doctor for his testimony and his presentation before the 
committee this morning. 
Mr. Lennon. Thank you, Mr. Gilbert. 
Mr. Keith? 
Mr. Kerrn. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 
On page 17 you make reference to the capabilities of Government, 
university, and industrial laboratories. 
I represent the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. I wondered 
what category that would fit into or do you need a fourth category ? 
Dr. Hornte. I think this will be most clearly resolved by adding the 
words “independent research organization.” JI think in my mind I 
lumped them with universities when I wrote the sentence in question. 
Mr. Ketru. Thank you. 
