NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM—1965 19 
the budget and be prepared to state to that subcommittee the effect of 
the failure of that appropriate Subcommittee on Appropriations to 
give the consideration to the particular part of the budget that the 
Department of Interior was asking for. Do you see what I am 
driving at? 
Dr. Hornie. I certainly do. 3 
Mr. Lennon. In other words, what is the ICO committee for if it 
cannot be of assistance to the various agencies they represent on the 
ICO when they go to the particular Subcommittee on Appropriations 4 
Then we would hope to obtain a situation different from what you 
have indicated that does develop here, because it is a fact, we know it, 
that your Subcommittee on Appropriations, when they mark up a bill 
and send it to the full committee, that is that. And unless the Sub- 
committee on Appropriations gets the total picture of the oceano- 
graphic program as related to that particular facet of the oceano- 
graphic budget, that is the end of it, because there is nothing done 
about it in the full committee. I think we will all admit that. 
Dr. Hornic. I think Secretary Wakelin may be able to comment 
further on that, too. 
Mr. Lennon. Weare looking forward to his testimony. 
We have with us, Doctor—and we do appreciate this very helpful 
information you have given this committee—our technical consultant 
to this committee, Mr. Paul Bauer, who has followed this program 
continuously since the midfifties, so to speak. 
Mr. Bauer, do you have any questions you would like to ask Dr. 
Hornig at this time ? 
Mr. Bauer. Thank you, Mr.Chairman. I havea few. 
As I read your testimony so far this morninig, Dr. Hornig, you 
seem to indicate that the hydrosphere and the atmosphere are indi- 
visible parts of the study of the same unit, to wit, the ocean. Is that 
correct ? 
Dr. Hornic. That is right; they are closely related. 
Captain Baur. If that is the case, why is there a duplication of 
ICO by the Interdepartmental Coordinating Committee on Atmos- 
pheric Sciences? It seems to me that would be logically a question of 
a subcommittee of the Interdepartmental Committee on Oceanography 
if we mean by a study of the ocean that we must, of course, at the same 
time study the atmosphere, because without the winds we would have 
no wind driven currents, we would have no Gulf Stream, and so on. 
me viy do we have two agencies talking essentially about the same 
MING ¢ 
Dr. Hornic. I think the answer here is real easy. The ocean is 
very big and the atmosphere is very big, and I think there are strong 
mteractions between them. But there are many problems of the at- 
mosphere that do not involve the ocean; there are many problems of 
the ocean which, while they may be subtly connected with the at- 
mosphere, do not have any primary involvement with the atmosphere. 
As with many topics, it is convenient to deal with them as separate 
convenient or logical parts. ‘This does then involve us in the problem, 
as the Academy pointed out, that the area of air-sea interaction was 
a neglected area as a consequence of separate specialized treatment. 
I think we are now trying to do something about that, but I think the 
separation is basically correct since they are each very large units; they 
